WEBVTT
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
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As we begin, I believe you have
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a statement to read
into the record.
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Yes, Your Honor.
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We're not judges, Doctor.
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No.
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Of course.
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Members of the security board,
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the so-called
derogatory information
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in your indictment of me
cannot be fairly understood,
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except in the context
of my life and my work.
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How long did he testify?
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Honestly, I forget.
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The whole hearing took a month.
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An ordeal, hmm?
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Well, I've only
read the transcripts.
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Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
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You weren't there?
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As chairman,
I wasn't allowed to be.
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Are they really
going to ask about it?
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-It was years ago.
-Four years ago...
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Five.
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Oppenheimer
still divides America.
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The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.
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Senator Thurmond asked me to say
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not to feel that
you're on trial.
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Oh, funny, I didn't
till you just said that.
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-Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
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Um, Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.
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President Eisenhower has asked
you to be in his cabinet.
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Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.
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And if they bring up
Oppenheimer?
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When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
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No senator can deny
you did your duty.
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It'll be uncomfortable.
02:50.096 --> 02:52.232
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
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Why did you leave
the United States?
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I, uh... I wanted to study
the new physics.
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Was there nowhere here?
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I thought Berkeley
had the leading
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theoretical physics department.
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Yes. Once I built it.
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But first I had to go to Europe.
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I went to Cambridge to study
under Patrick Blackett.
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Were you happier there
than in America?
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-Happier?
-Yes.
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No. No, I, uh...
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I was homesick, um...
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...emotionally immature...
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...troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.
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Useless in the lab.
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Christ, Oppenheimer.
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Have you had any sleep?
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Start again.
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I need to go
to the lecture, sir.
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Why?
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It's Niels Bohr.
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Damn, completely forgot.
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All right.
Let's go.
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Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
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You finish coating those plates.
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You see them?
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Don't forget to clean up!
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Quantum physics
is not a step forward,
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it is a new way
to understand reality.
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Einstein's opened the door,
now we are peering through,
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seeing a world inside our world.
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A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
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Yeah, definitely.
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Are you all right?
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Niels, meet
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
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What's the "J" stand for?
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Nothing, apparently.
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You were at my lecture.
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You asked
the only good question.
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No one's denying his insight.
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It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
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I heard
you give the same lecture...
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At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
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Why ask again?
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Hadn't liked your answer.
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Did you like it better
yesterday?
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A lot.
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You can lift the stone
without being ready
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for the snake that's revealed.
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Now it seems you're ready.
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But you don't enjoy the lab?
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So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.
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Go somewhere they let you think.
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Where?
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Göttingen.
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-Born?
-Born.
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Get to Germany,
study under Max Born.
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Learn the ways of theory.
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I'll send word.
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Wormhole.
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How's your mathematics?
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Not good enough for
the physicist he wants to be.
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Algebra's like sheet music.
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The important thing isn't
"Can you read music?"
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It's "Can you hear it?"
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Can you hear the music, Robert?
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Yes, I can.
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The senator from Wyoming.
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Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
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with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
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You met him in 1947?
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Correct.
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You were commissioner
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of the Atomic Energy Commission?
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I was, but I-I actually
met Robert in my capacity
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as board member of the
Institute for Advanced Study
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at Princeton because
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after the war,
he was world-renowned
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as the great man of physics,
and I was determined
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to get him to run the Institute.
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Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
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Mr. Strauss.
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It's pronounced "straws."
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Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.
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Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
09:50.316 --> 09:52.919
I'm president of Temple Emanu-El
in Manhattan.
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"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.
09:55.254 --> 09:56.289
-Ah.
-Anyway,
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welcome to the Institute.
09:57.790 --> 09:59.425
I think you could be
very happy here.
09:59.459 --> 10:01.394
Yes, well,
you'll love the commute.
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The position comes
with that house
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for you and your wife
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and your, is it two children?
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Yes, two.
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I'm a great admirer
of your work.
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And you're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
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I'm sorry, uh,
common room 4:00 tea.
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No, I'm not trained in physics
or anything else.
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-I'm a self-made man.
-Ah.
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-I can relate to that.
-Really?
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Yes, my father was one.
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And this would be your office.
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I'm told he's there
most afternoons.
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You know, I've always wondered
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why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
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Greatest scientific mind
of our time.
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Of his time.
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Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity
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more than 40 years ago now.
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But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.
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"God doesn't play dice."
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Precisely.
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You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
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Well, I had offers,
but I chose to sell shoes.
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Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
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No, just a shoe salesman.
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Huh.
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-I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
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I have known him for years.
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Albert.
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What was that?
What did you say to him?
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Oh, he's fine.
11:59.579 --> 12:02.882
Mr. Strauss,
there are things in my past
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you ought to be aware of.
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Well, as chairman of the AEC,
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I have access
to your security file.
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I've read it.
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-You're not worried?
-No.
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Why would I be worried
after everything
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you've done for your country?
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Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
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Well, the purpose
of this institute
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is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
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That's you.
You are the man for the job.
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Well, then I'll consider it.
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I'll see you
at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
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This is one
of the most prestigious
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appointments in the country.
12:36.116 --> 12:38.317
Yes, with a great commute.
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That's why I'm considering it.
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So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
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your attention
to his past associations
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before you appointed him?
12:46.093 --> 12:47.527
Yes.
12:47.560 --> 12:49.395
And it didn't concern you?
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Just then,
I was entirely consumed
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with what he must have said
to Einstein to sour him on me.
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But later?
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Well, we all know
what happened later.
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Doctor, your, uh...
your time in Europe,
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you seemed to meet
with a wide range
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of other countries' physicists.
13:07.047 --> 13:08.048
Yes, that's right.
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Any Russians?
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None that spring to mind.
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If you'll just allow me to
continue with my statement...
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Mr. Robb, you'll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.
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After Göttingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland
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where I first met Isidor Rabi.
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Excuse me.
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A Yank,
lecturing on the new physics?
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This I have to hear.
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I'm an American myself.
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How surprising.
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Um...
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Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
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Wait, what's he saying?
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No, thank you.
14:11.510 --> 14:13.479
It's a long way to Zurich.
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You get any skinnier,
we're gonna lose you
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between the seat cushions.
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I'm Rabi.
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Oppenheimer.
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I caught your lecture
on molecules.
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Caught some of it.
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We're a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?
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Well, I thought
I'd better learn it
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when I got here this semester.
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You learned enough Dutch
in six weeks
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to give a lecture
on quantum mechanics?
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Wanted to challenge myself.
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Quantum physics wasn't
challenging enough.
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-Schvitzer.
-Schvitzer?
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Show-off.
14:39.872 --> 14:41.707
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?
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They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
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Screw you.
14:46.012 --> 14:47.513
You homesick?
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Oh, you know it.
14:49.916 --> 14:52.919
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
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Physicists?
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'S funny.
14:55.588 --> 14:57.657
Not in the department.
14:57.690 --> 14:58.991
They're all Jewish too.
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Eat.
15:04.797 --> 15:06.933
There's a German
you have to seek out.
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-Heisenberg.
-Right.
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One might be led
to the presumption
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that behind the quantum world,
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there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
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but such speculation seem to us,
15:29.855 --> 15:32.591
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
Thank you.
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Have a great day.
15:39.266 --> 15:40.967
-Wonderful.
-Thank you.
15:41.000 --> 15:42.235
Dr. Oppenheimer.
15:42.269 --> 15:44.204
Oppenheimer, yes.
15:44.237 --> 15:46.106
I liked your paper on molecules.
15:46.139 --> 15:47.640
Probably because
you inspired it.
15:47.673 --> 15:49.176
If I inspire anything else,
let me know.
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We could publish together.
15:50.277 --> 15:52.112
I have to get back to America.
15:52.145 --> 15:53.879
Why? There's no one there
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taking quantum mechanics
seriously.
15:56.149 --> 15:57.750
That's exactly why.
15:57.783 --> 16:00.220
He's pining for the canyons
of Manhattan.
16:00.253 --> 16:02.688
Canyons of New Mexico.
16:02.722 --> 16:03.856
-You're from New Mexico?
-No.
16:03.889 --> 16:05.992
New York, but my brother
and I have a ranch
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outside Santa Fe.
16:08.161 --> 16:10.529
That's the America
I miss right now.
16:10.563 --> 16:12.631
Then it's best you get home,
cowboys.
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That's him.
16:14.301 --> 16:17.737
No, me and horses.
I don't think so.
16:17.770 --> 16:19.905
Nice to meet you.
16:21.640 --> 16:23.776
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?
16:23.809 --> 16:26.712
Not in person, no, but, uh...
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...you might say
our paths crossed.
16:31.617 --> 16:33.819
On returning to America,
I accepted positions
16:33.853 --> 16:36.589
at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
16:40.293 --> 16:41.927
I got it, it's all right.
17:00.646 --> 17:02.681
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
17:04.084 --> 17:05.318
You must be Oppenheimer.
17:05.352 --> 17:06.886
Yes.
17:06.919 --> 17:09.256
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
17:09.289 --> 17:10.956
I am starting it. Next door.
17:10.990 --> 17:12.825
-They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
17:12.858 --> 17:14.927
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
17:14.960 --> 17:17.330
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?
17:17.364 --> 17:19.332
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
17:19.366 --> 17:22.069
-Magnificent.
-Would you like to help?
17:22.102 --> 17:23.936
Build it? Oh, no.
17:23.969 --> 17:25.072
No, no.
17:25.105 --> 17:27.673
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
17:27.706 --> 17:28.707
When do you start teaching?
17:28.741 --> 17:30.609
I've got my first in an hour.
17:30.643 --> 17:32.645
-Seminar?
-Pupil.
17:32.678 --> 17:35.915
One student? That's it?
17:35.948 --> 17:38.684
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
17:38.717 --> 17:40.719
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
17:40.753 --> 17:42.222
There's no going back.
17:44.391 --> 17:46.692
-Oh. I must have missed the...
-Ah. Lo...
17:46.725 --> 17:48.727
-Mr. Lomanitz?
-Na.
17:49.929 --> 17:50.830
Yeah.
17:50.863 --> 17:52.965
Yes, this is it. Please.
17:52.998 --> 17:54.067
Take a seat.
17:58.938 --> 18:00.739
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?
18:00.773 --> 18:03.143
I have a grasp on the basics.
18:03.176 --> 18:04.743
Then you're doing it wrong.
18:05.978 --> 18:08.248
Is light made up
of particles or waves?
18:08.281 --> 18:09.416
Quantum mechanics
says it's both.
18:09.449 --> 18:11.051
How could it be both?
18:11.084 --> 18:12.985
-It can't.
-It can't.
18:13.018 --> 18:17.890
But it is. It's paradoxical,
and yet, it works.
18:25.031 --> 18:26.032
Now.
18:27.900 --> 18:29.869
Thank you.
18:29.902 --> 18:32.905
Mr. Lomanitz.
You're gonna be okay.
18:32.938 --> 18:34.307
Mr. Snyder.
18:34.341 --> 18:35.875
Now let's consider a star.
18:35.908 --> 18:39.446
A star. A vast furnace
burning in outer space,
18:39.479 --> 18:42.882
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
18:42.915 --> 18:44.351
Balanced.
18:44.384 --> 18:46.685
But if that furnace cools...
18:48.054 --> 18:50.056
...and gravity starts winning,
it contracts.
18:51.057 --> 18:52.024
Density increases.
18:52.058 --> 18:53.260
Correct.
18:53.293 --> 18:54.461
Increasing gravity.
18:54.494 --> 18:55.995
Increasing density.
18:56.029 --> 18:58.165
-And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
18:58.198 --> 18:59.832
what's the limit here?
19:01.000 --> 19:03.236
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
19:03.270 --> 19:05.038
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
19:05.071 --> 19:06.972
Me?
19:07.006 --> 19:09.176
Yes, you.
Your math is better than mine.
19:10.910 --> 19:13.012
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
19:13.046 --> 19:15.448
contained detail
of his activities in Berkeley.
19:15.482 --> 19:16.949
Why would they have
started a file
19:16.982 --> 19:19.919
on Dr. Oppenheimer
before the war?
19:19.952 --> 19:22.422
Well, you'd have
to ask Mr. Hoover.
19:22.455 --> 19:24.324
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
19:24.357 --> 19:27.294
Uh, my assumption is that
19:27.327 --> 19:30.463
it was connected to his, uh,
19:30.497 --> 19:33.033
left-wing political activities.
19:34.134 --> 19:35.801
You shouldn't
let them bring up politics
19:35.834 --> 19:37.170
in the classroom, Oppie.
19:37.204 --> 19:38.938
I wrote that.
19:38.971 --> 19:42.242
Lawrence, you embrace
the revolution in physics.
19:42.275 --> 19:44.077
Can't you see it
everywhere else?
19:44.110 --> 19:46.213
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.
19:46.246 --> 19:47.846
Well, this is America, Oppie.
19:47.880 --> 19:49.249
We had our revolution.
19:50.383 --> 19:52.885
Seriously,
keep it out of the lab.
19:52.918 --> 19:56.021
Well, out of the lab,
my landlady
19:56.056 --> 19:58.857
is having a discussion group
tonight. Interested?
19:58.891 --> 20:00.960
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.
20:00.993 --> 20:03.029
It's all just
philosophy post-grads
20:03.063 --> 20:05.365
and Communists
talking integration.
20:05.398 --> 20:07.067
You don't care
about integration.
20:07.100 --> 20:08.968
I want to vote for it,
not talk about it.
20:09.001 --> 20:11.003
'Specially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
20:11.037 --> 20:13.373
I'm meeting my brother there.
20:13.406 --> 20:15.275
And how would these activities
20:15.308 --> 20:16.443
have come to the attention
20:16.476 --> 20:17.477
of the FBI?
20:17.510 --> 20:19.479
Well, if I remember correctly,
20:19.512 --> 20:21.448
the FBI was taking
license plates
20:21.481 --> 20:23.816
outside suspected
Communist gatherings,
20:23.849 --> 20:25.851
and his name popped up.
20:33.426 --> 20:34.960
-Gotcha!
-Jesus Christ.
20:34.994 --> 20:37.297
-Sorry. Hi, brother.
-Frank.
20:38.298 --> 20:40.033
Uh, you remember Jackie.
20:40.066 --> 20:41.534
Evening.
20:41.568 --> 20:43.536
Let's go. Come.
20:43.570 --> 20:46.139
Right over there,
right over there.
20:47.073 --> 20:50.076
Robert. I want you
to meet Chevalier.
20:50.110 --> 20:53.812
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
20:53.846 --> 20:55.014
-Pleasure.
-Pleasure.
20:55.048 --> 20:56.349
This is my little brother,
Frank.
20:56.383 --> 20:57.584
-And this is...
-Hello.
20:57.617 --> 20:59.552
-Still Jackie.
-Hello, Still Jackie.
20:59.586 --> 21:01.554
Chevalier, you're in languages?
21:01.588 --> 21:03.323
And your reputation
precedes you.
21:03.356 --> 21:05.091
-What have you heard?
-Excuse me.
21:05.125 --> 21:06.892
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
21:06.925 --> 21:08.161
I have no chance
of understanding,
21:08.194 --> 21:09.562
but I hadn't heard
you're a Party member.
21:09.596 --> 21:11.897
-Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
21:11.930 --> 21:13.899
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day,
21:13.932 --> 21:15.568
-I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
21:15.602 --> 21:17.237
The Spanish Civil War?
21:17.270 --> 21:19.004
A democratic republic
being overthrown
21:19.039 --> 21:20.340
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
21:20.373 --> 21:22.042
Our government.
21:22.075 --> 21:23.543
They think that socialism is
a bigger threat than fascism.
21:23.576 --> 21:25.078
Not for long.
21:25.111 --> 21:26.912
Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
21:26.945 --> 21:29.516
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
21:29.549 --> 21:31.584
I have to do something.
21:31.618 --> 21:34.987
My own work is so abstract.
21:35.020 --> 21:36.589
What are you working on?
21:36.623 --> 21:38.558
What happens to the stars
when they die.
21:38.591 --> 21:40.025
Do stars die?
21:41.227 --> 21:42.529
Well, if they do,
21:42.562 --> 21:44.464
they'd cool, then collapse.
21:44.497 --> 21:47.133
In fact, the bigger the star,
21:47.167 --> 21:49.868
the more violent its demise.
21:49.902 --> 21:51.438
The gravity gets so concentrated
21:51.471 --> 21:54.441
it swallows everything.
21:54.474 --> 21:55.442
Everything, even light.
21:55.475 --> 21:56.643
Can that really happen?
21:56.676 --> 21:58.478
The math says it can.
21:58.511 --> 21:59.945
If we can get published,
21:59.978 --> 22:01.548
then perhaps one day,
an astronomer finds one.
22:01.581 --> 22:03.316
But right now,
all I have is theory,
22:03.350 --> 22:05.218
which can't impact
people's lives.
22:05.251 --> 22:07.520
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
22:07.554 --> 22:09.122
do it through
the Communist Party.
22:09.155 --> 22:10.490
They can get it
to the front lines.
22:10.523 --> 22:12.925
Mary sent me with these.
22:13.626 --> 22:16.429
-I'm Jean.
-Robert.
22:16.463 --> 22:17.963
Haakon Chevalier.
22:17.996 --> 22:19.532
The union meeting at Serber's
last month?
22:19.566 --> 22:20.966
Right, right, yes.
22:20.999 --> 22:22.369
Oh, thank you.
22:22.402 --> 22:24.637
Robert here says
he's not a Communist.
22:24.671 --> 22:26.972
Well, then he doesn't know
enough about it.
22:27.005 --> 22:29.376
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
22:29.409 --> 22:31.044
Does that count?
22:31.077 --> 22:33.046
It would make you better read
than most party members.
22:33.079 --> 22:35.382
Turgid stuff.
There's some thinking, um,
22:35.415 --> 22:36.583
"Ownership is theft."
22:36.616 --> 22:38.518
-"Property."
-"Property"?
22:38.551 --> 22:40.353
"Property," not "ownership."
22:40.387 --> 22:42.422
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
22:42.455 --> 22:45.125
Well.
22:45.991 --> 22:47.360
It's not about the book.
22:47.394 --> 22:50.397
It's about the ideas.
And you sound uncommitted.
22:50.430 --> 22:52.065
Well, I'm committed
to thinking freely
22:52.098 --> 22:54.534
about how to improve our world.
22:54.567 --> 22:56.669
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
22:56.703 --> 22:59.672
You're a physicist,
you pick and choose rules?
22:59.706 --> 23:01.274
Or do you use the discipline
23:01.307 --> 23:03.443
to channel your energies
into progress?
23:03.476 --> 23:05.879
I like a little wiggle room.
23:06.979 --> 23:09.182
Do you always
tow the party line?
23:10.550 --> 23:12.318
I like my wiggle room too.
23:22.462 --> 23:24.997
What?
23:25.031 --> 23:26.199
Wait, wait, wait.
23:30.103 --> 23:31.704
Unexpected.
23:31.738 --> 23:33.640
-What?
-For a physicist.
23:33.673 --> 23:36.443
You only have a shelf
full of Freud?
23:36.476 --> 23:39.345
Well, actually,
my background's more...
23:39.379 --> 23:41.214
Uh, Jungian?
23:42.348 --> 23:43.450
You know analysis?
23:43.483 --> 23:46.018
When I was in post-grad
at Cambridge,
23:46.052 --> 23:47.353
I had a little trouble.
23:48.354 --> 23:51.090
-I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
23:51.124 --> 23:52.125
Did you hate him?
23:52.158 --> 23:53.626
I liked him very much.
23:53.660 --> 23:55.562
You just needed to get laid.
23:55.595 --> 23:57.163
Took my analyst two years,
23:57.197 --> 23:59.132
and I don't think they
ever put it that succinctly.
23:59.165 --> 24:00.500
You have everyone convinced
24:00.533 --> 24:03.269
you're more complicated
than you actually are.
24:03.303 --> 24:05.305
We're all simple souls, I guess.
24:05.338 --> 24:06.506
I'm not.
24:09.375 --> 24:10.410
What's this?
24:10.443 --> 24:12.010
Sanskrit.
24:12.045 --> 24:13.346
You can read this?
24:13.379 --> 24:15.181
I'm learning.
24:19.385 --> 24:21.187
Read this.
24:22.622 --> 24:24.257
Well, in this part,
24:24.290 --> 24:26.493
Vishnu reveals
his multi-armed self...
24:26.526 --> 24:27.527
No.
24:28.595 --> 24:30.463
Read the words.
24:33.833 --> 24:37.002
"And now I am become Death.
24:42.442 --> 24:44.177
Destroyer of worlds."
25:15.108 --> 25:16.442
This'll do.
25:22.582 --> 25:24.183
It'll break before dawn.
25:24.217 --> 25:27.587
Air cools overnight,
just before dawn, it breaks.
25:30.256 --> 25:32.191
Come.
25:38.231 --> 25:41.701
Ah. So, I'm getting married.
25:41.734 --> 25:43.336
-Frank. Congratulations!
-Thank you.
25:43.369 --> 25:45.171
-Thank you.
-To Jackie?
25:45.204 --> 25:47.574
Yeah, to Jackie.
25:47.607 --> 25:48.708
The waitress.
25:48.741 --> 25:50.710
Oppie, you're right.
It's lettin' up.
25:50.743 --> 25:53.179
I'm gonna go see
if there's any stars.
25:53.212 --> 25:55.248
All your talk
about the common man,
25:55.281 --> 25:56.783
but Jackie's not good enough
for you, hmm?
25:56.816 --> 25:57.850
Mm-mm.
25:57.884 --> 25:59.385
We join the Party and you can't
25:59.419 --> 26:01.187
-hide your disapproval. Why?
-Oh, now, I...
26:01.220 --> 26:02.288
Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
26:02.322 --> 26:03.856
I haven't joined
the Party, Frank.
26:03.890 --> 26:06.426
And I don't think she should
have convinced you to either.
26:06.459 --> 26:08.194
Half of the faculty
is Communist.
26:08.227 --> 26:09.295
Not that half.
26:10.630 --> 26:13.366
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
26:13.399 --> 26:15.101
And I want to wring your neck.
26:17.503 --> 26:20.406
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
26:22.275 --> 26:25.612
You're happy, I'm happy.
26:25.645 --> 26:27.180
So then I'm happy you're happy
26:27.213 --> 26:28.548
that I'm happy.
26:32.819 --> 26:34.420
I feel like I could see
26:34.454 --> 26:36.556
one of those dark stars
that you're working on.
26:36.589 --> 26:39.158
You can't.
That's the whole point.
26:39.826 --> 26:41.527
Their gravity swallows light.
26:42.795 --> 26:45.865
It's like a kind of
hole in space.
26:45.898 --> 26:47.233
Is Frank okay?
26:47.266 --> 26:49.669
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.
26:50.803 --> 26:52.472
It is special here.
26:54.841 --> 26:57.310
When I was a kid,
26:57.343 --> 27:00.380
I thought if I could find a way
27:00.413 --> 27:04.784
to combine physics
and New Mexico,
27:04.817 --> 27:07.353
my life would be perfect.
27:08.421 --> 27:09.689
Little remote for that.
27:09.722 --> 27:10.857
Yes.
27:10.890 --> 27:12.558
Let's get some sleep.
27:13.526 --> 27:14.927
That mesa we saw today,
27:14.961 --> 27:17.463
one of my favorite places
in the world.
27:18.297 --> 27:19.766
And tomorrow we'll climb it.
27:19.799 --> 27:21.234
What's it called?
27:22.268 --> 27:24.337
Los Alamos.
27:27.440 --> 27:29.442
I didn't expect
to see you today.
27:30.610 --> 27:32.445
Do I have to make
an appointment?
27:34.380 --> 27:36.516
Hey! Hey, get back here!
27:36.549 --> 27:37.684
Alvarez?
27:43.456 --> 27:46.292
Oppie! Oppie!
27:46.325 --> 27:48.327
What? What is it?
27:48.361 --> 27:49.962
They've done it.
They've done it.
27:49.996 --> 27:51.264
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
27:51.297 --> 27:53.466
They split the uranium nucleus.
27:54.333 --> 27:56.202
How?
27:56.936 --> 27:58.838
Bombard it with neutrons.
27:58.871 --> 28:00.006
It's a nuclear fission.
28:00.040 --> 28:01.674
They did it,
they split the atom.
28:01.708 --> 28:03.276
It's not possible.
28:09.415 --> 28:11.217
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
28:17.857 --> 28:19.792
See? Can't be done.
28:20.893 --> 28:24.297
Very elegant. Quite clear.
28:24.330 --> 28:26.966
-There's just one problem.
-Where?
28:26.999 --> 28:28.801
Next door.
28:28.835 --> 28:30.770
Alvarez did it.
28:30.803 --> 28:32.939
But then look...
28:32.972 --> 28:36.309
...these fission pulses,
they're massive.
28:36.342 --> 28:39.612
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
28:39.645 --> 28:42.482
Theory will take you
only so far.
28:43.983 --> 28:45.985
During the process...
28:46.018 --> 28:47.754
extra neutrons boil off,
28:47.787 --> 28:50.957
which could be used to split
other uranium atoms.
28:50.990 --> 28:52.391
Chain reaction.
28:52.425 --> 28:54.061
You're thinkin'
what I'm thinkin'.
28:54.094 --> 28:56.863
You, me, and every other
physicist around the world
28:56.896 --> 28:58.397
who's seen the news.
28:59.099 --> 29:00.900
I'm... what?
What are we all thinking?
29:00.933 --> 29:04.704
A bomb, Alvarez.
29:05.872 --> 29:07.573
A bomb.
29:07.607 --> 29:10.810
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
29:12.411 --> 29:13.946
I don't understand
what you want from me.
29:13.980 --> 29:15.748
I don't want anything from you.
29:16.749 --> 29:18.785
Well, you say that
and then you call.
29:18.818 --> 29:21.420
Well, don't answer.
29:21.454 --> 29:23.456
I'll always answer.
29:28.728 --> 29:29.662
Fine.
29:29.695 --> 29:32.398
Just no more flowers.
29:33.432 --> 29:34.801
You're not coming?
29:35.968 --> 29:38.771
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
29:41.074 --> 29:42.809
It's not that simple, Hoke.
29:42.842 --> 29:45.011
Chevalier,
good to see you. It's...
29:45.045 --> 29:46.379
Ah, Barbara, good to see you
29:46.412 --> 29:48.881
and the illustrious
Dr. Oppenheimer.
29:48.915 --> 29:50.083
I'm Eltenton.
29:50.117 --> 29:51.484
-Oh, pleasure.
-Please, please.
29:51.517 --> 29:52.685
Now, might you say a word
29:52.718 --> 29:55.454
about organized labor
on campuses, yes?
29:55.488 --> 29:57.023
Coming through! Coming through!
29:57.057 --> 29:58.624
-F.A.E.C.T.!
-I work at Shell.
29:58.658 --> 30:00.660
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers,
30:00.693 --> 30:02.562
so why not scientists
in academia?
30:02.595 --> 30:05.498
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
30:05.531 --> 30:08.801
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
30:08.835 --> 30:10.469
Oppie! Oppie!
30:10.503 --> 30:13.406
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
30:16.576 --> 30:20.546
Teachers are unionized.
Why not professors?
30:20.580 --> 30:22.014
Don't you have somewhere to be?
30:22.049 --> 30:23.883
Lawrence,
academics have rights too.
30:23.916 --> 30:26.419
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
30:26.452 --> 30:29.655
-Well, I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
30:35.928 --> 30:37.597
Richard. Dr. Bush.
30:37.630 --> 30:39.699
What brings you two up north?
30:49.176 --> 30:50.543
Richard, you tell Ruth
30:50.576 --> 30:51.844
I'll be down
to Pasadena Thursday.
31:00.853 --> 31:03.489
Your paper
on black holes is in!
31:03.522 --> 31:05.491
Oppie!
31:05.524 --> 31:09.162
Where's Hartland?
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.
31:09.196 --> 31:11.464
September 1st, 1939,
31:11.497 --> 31:13.733
the world's gonna
remember this day.
31:14.667 --> 31:16.136
Oh, Hartland.
Our paper, it's in print.
31:16.169 --> 31:18.905
You've been upstaged.
31:22.508 --> 31:25.045
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
31:25.078 --> 31:27.813
increasingly out of sympathy
with the
31:27.847 --> 31:30.850
policy of neutrality
that Communists advocated.
31:30.883 --> 31:34.687
Right after Hitler invaded
Russia and we became allies,
31:34.720 --> 31:36.756
these Communist sympathies,
did they return?
31:36.789 --> 31:37.823
No.
31:38.958 --> 31:42.561
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
31:42.595 --> 31:43.829
did not mean a sharp break
31:43.863 --> 31:45.932
from those who held
different views.
31:45.965 --> 31:48.534
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,
31:48.567 --> 31:51.871
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
31:54.507 --> 31:55.841
Oop!
31:55.875 --> 31:57.677
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.
31:57.710 --> 31:59.712
Well, I thought
this was the Tolmans' house.
31:59.745 --> 32:01.948
I live with them
while I'm at Caltech.
32:01.981 --> 32:03.482
Do you two need anything?
32:03.516 --> 32:04.984
We're good, Ruthie.
32:06.086 --> 32:08.721
So, you're a biologist.
32:08.754 --> 32:11.958
Well, somehow
I have graduated to housewife.
32:11.991 --> 32:15.128
Can you explain
quantum mechanics to me?
32:15.162 --> 32:16.196
Seems baffling.
32:16.229 --> 32:17.930
Yes, it is.
32:19.032 --> 32:21.834
Well, this glass,
32:21.867 --> 32:22.768
this drink...
32:22.802 --> 32:25.905
...this countertop,
32:25.938 --> 32:29.042
uh, our bodies...
32:29.076 --> 32:30.977
all of it.
32:31.010 --> 32:33.579
It's mostly empty space.
32:33.612 --> 32:36.116
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.
32:36.149 --> 32:38.017
By what?
32:38.051 --> 32:41.620
Forces of attraction
strong enough to convince us
32:41.654 --> 32:43.856
that matter is solid.
32:43.889 --> 32:47.026
Stop my body
passing through yours.
32:58.771 --> 33:00.273
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
33:00.307 --> 33:02.042
Not very.
33:04.077 --> 33:07.780
There is someone that I feel...
33:07.813 --> 33:09.249
Does she feel the same way?
33:09.282 --> 33:13.120
Sometimes. Not enough.
33:14.321 --> 33:17.290
You know,
I'm going to New Mexico.
33:17.324 --> 33:19.126
To my ranch, with friends.
33:19.159 --> 33:20.526
You should come.
33:21.328 --> 33:23.163
I meant with your husband.
33:23.196 --> 33:24.764
Yes, you did.
33:24.797 --> 33:27.700
'Cause you know it won't make
a bit of difference.
33:31.670 --> 33:33.173
Why did you marry him?
33:33.206 --> 33:36.742
I was lost and he was kind.
33:38.911 --> 33:39.779
Lost?
33:39.812 --> 33:43.316
Well, my previous husband
had died, and...
33:43.350 --> 33:45.785
at 28, I wasn't really ready
to be a widow.
33:45.818 --> 33:47.820
-Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
33:47.853 --> 33:50.323
But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
33:50.357 --> 33:53.326
He was, um, from money,
like me, but...
33:53.360 --> 33:56.296
he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
33:56.329 --> 33:57.596
Fell hard.
33:57.630 --> 33:58.898
How hard?
33:58.931 --> 34:00.599
Hard enough to spend
the next four years
34:00.633 --> 34:01.967
living off beans and pancakes,
34:02.001 --> 34:04.770
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
34:04.804 --> 34:07.307
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
34:07.340 --> 34:09.209
Quit the Party and a year later,
34:09.242 --> 34:12.778
I wanted him back, so...
Him, not the Daily Worker.
34:12.812 --> 34:14.947
And he said, "Swell, I'll meet
you on my way to Spain."
34:14.980 --> 34:16.682
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?
34:16.715 --> 34:18.818
And then he went to
the brigades and I waited.
34:18.851 --> 34:19.919
And...
34:20.786 --> 34:22.155
Joe got himself killed
34:22.189 --> 34:24.590
first time he popped his head
out of the trench.
34:25.925 --> 34:28.361
Ideology got Joe killed.
For nothing.
34:28.395 --> 34:30.263
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
34:30.297 --> 34:31.398
My husband offered
both our futures
34:31.431 --> 34:32.898
to stop one fascist bullet
34:32.932 --> 34:35.102
from embedding itself
in a mudbank.
34:36.001 --> 34:37.837
That's the definition
of nothing.
34:37.870 --> 34:39.872
Seems a little reductive.
34:39.905 --> 34:41.640
Pragmatic.
34:41.674 --> 34:44.111
Now here I am.
34:46.346 --> 34:47.947
Wherever the hell this is.
34:54.987 --> 34:58.258
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
35:00.693 --> 35:04.030
Least you didn't
bring me flowers.
35:09.169 --> 35:12.738
We both know I'm not
what you want, Jean.
35:13.772 --> 35:16.409
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
35:16.443 --> 35:17.843
No.
35:19.412 --> 35:21.780
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
35:22.982 --> 35:24.717
You knocked her up, fast work.
35:24.750 --> 35:27.387
Can't keep a good man down.
35:27.420 --> 35:29.422
I meant her.
35:29.456 --> 35:31.458
She knew what she wanted.
35:31.491 --> 35:33.426
What about the husband?
35:33.460 --> 35:34.927
We talked, um,
35:34.960 --> 35:36.896
they're getting a divorce, so...
35:36.929 --> 35:40.699
we can get married
before she starts showing.
35:40.733 --> 35:42.202
How civilized.
35:44.171 --> 35:45.272
You idiot.
35:45.305 --> 35:47.073
This is your community.
35:47.107 --> 35:50.043
You think the rules
don't apply to the golden boy?
35:51.211 --> 35:52.845
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
35:52.878 --> 35:55.382
Don't alienate the only people
in the world
35:55.415 --> 35:57.083
that understand what you do.
35:58.817 --> 36:00.187
One day you might need them.
36:00.220 --> 36:02.955
F.A.E.C.T.!
36:02.988 --> 36:04.191
The Federation of Architects,
36:04.224 --> 36:07.360
Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians.
36:13.799 --> 36:16.336
Lomanitz,
what do you get paid a month?
36:16.369 --> 36:17.504
That's not the point, Lawrence.
36:17.537 --> 36:19.838
What do any of you
have in common
36:19.872 --> 36:22.475
with farm laborers
and dock workers?
36:22.509 --> 36:24.077
Plenty.
36:25.145 --> 36:27.681
Everybody out. Now!
36:31.518 --> 36:32.918
Not you.
36:38.857 --> 36:39.825
What are you doing?
36:39.858 --> 36:41.528
It's a trade union.
36:41.561 --> 36:43.496
Filled with Communists.
36:43.530 --> 36:45.232
So? I haven't joined the Party.
36:45.265 --> 36:47.367
They won't let me
bring you onto the project
36:47.400 --> 36:49.102
because of this shit.
36:49.135 --> 36:50.903
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
36:50.936 --> 36:53.373
Oh.
I know what the project is.
36:53.406 --> 36:54.474
Oh, really?
36:54.507 --> 36:55.808
We've all heard about Einstein
36:55.841 --> 36:57.110
and Szilard's letter
to Roosevelt
36:57.143 --> 36:58.944
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,
36:58.978 --> 37:01.847
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
37:01.880 --> 37:03.250
Oh, and I don't?
37:03.283 --> 37:05.918
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
37:07.019 --> 37:08.020
It's mine.
37:08.054 --> 37:11.191
You think that I tell them
about your politics.
37:12.292 --> 37:14.860
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
37:14.893 --> 37:16.929
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror?
37:16.962 --> 37:19.032
Listen to the sounds
on your phone line
37:19.065 --> 37:22.135
and stop being so goddamn naive.
37:23.436 --> 37:24.970
Why would they care what I do?
37:25.004 --> 37:26.972
Because you're
not just self-important,
37:27.006 --> 37:29.175
you're actually important.
37:30.410 --> 37:31.777
Okay.
37:32.412 --> 37:35.415
Okay. I get it.
37:35.448 --> 37:37.517
If you could
just be a little more...
37:37.550 --> 37:39.052
Pragmatic.
37:39.085 --> 37:40.186
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others,
37:40.220 --> 37:42.322
you don't have to worry.
It's done.
37:42.355 --> 37:44.124
Lawrence.
37:48.961 --> 37:50.963
Then welcome to the war.
37:50.996 --> 37:53.300
I filled out my first
security questionnaire
37:53.333 --> 37:54.601
and was informed
37:54.634 --> 37:56.436
that my involvement
with left-wing groups
37:56.469 --> 38:00.407
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
38:00.440 --> 38:03.176
Why were
his Communist associations
38:03.209 --> 38:06.313
not seen as a security risk
during the war?
38:06.346 --> 38:08.081
Senator, I can't possibly answer
38:08.114 --> 38:11.451
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
38:11.484 --> 38:13.486
Fine. What about after?
38:13.520 --> 38:15.455
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer
38:15.488 --> 38:19.259
was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
38:19.292 --> 38:21.328
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute,
38:21.361 --> 38:24.464
that's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
38:24.497 --> 38:25.565
Simple as that.
38:25.598 --> 38:28.201
What are they accusing me of?
38:28.234 --> 38:30.002
I think they just want
to know what happened
38:30.036 --> 38:32.539
between 1947 and 1954
to change your mind
38:32.572 --> 38:34.607
on Oppenheimer's
security clearance.
38:34.641 --> 38:37.377
I didn't.
I was chair of the AEC,
38:37.410 --> 38:40.979
but it wasn't me that brought
the charges against Robert.
38:41.013 --> 38:42.248
-Who did?
-Some former staff member
38:42.282 --> 38:44.217
of the Joint
Congressional Committee.
38:44.250 --> 38:47.320
He was a rabid anti-Communist
named Borden.
38:47.354 --> 38:49.656
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
38:49.689 --> 38:52.225
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC, direct?
38:52.258 --> 38:54.960
Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?
38:54.993 --> 38:57.430
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?
38:57.464 --> 38:59.299
This was the McCarthy Era.
38:59.332 --> 39:04.237
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red. And then,
39:04.270 --> 39:05.938
reading Oppenheimer's
security file,
39:05.971 --> 39:08.141
his Communist brother,
sister-in-law,
39:08.174 --> 39:10.243
fiancée, best friend, wife.
39:10.276 --> 39:12.612
That's before we even
get to the Chevalier incident.
39:12.645 --> 39:16.383
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
39:16.416 --> 39:18.084
Because somebody gave it to him.
39:19.252 --> 39:21.920
Somebody who wanted
Robert silenced.
39:21.954 --> 39:23.556
-Who?
-Who knows?
39:23.590 --> 39:26.126
Robert didn't take care
not to upset
39:26.159 --> 39:28.395
the power brokers in Washington.
39:28.428 --> 39:31.297
His opinions on the atom
became definitive
39:31.331 --> 39:34.234
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
39:37.637 --> 39:40.073
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.
39:40.106 --> 39:43.276
There was an AEC vote
39:43.309 --> 39:45.278
on the export of isotopes
to Norway,
39:45.311 --> 39:48.281
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
39:48.314 --> 39:50.015
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,
39:50.049 --> 39:52.152
we've already heard
from Admiral Strauss that
39:52.185 --> 39:55.020
these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
39:55.054 --> 39:56.356
in the production
of atomic weapons.
39:56.389 --> 39:58.258
Congressmen,
you could use a shovel
39:58.291 --> 39:59.726
in making atomic weapons.
39:59.759 --> 40:00.959
In fact, you do.
40:00.993 --> 40:02.529
You could use a bottle of beer
40:02.562 --> 40:03.962
in making atomic weapons.
40:03.996 --> 40:05.465
In fact, you do.
40:05.498 --> 40:08.435
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components
40:08.468 --> 40:11.237
but more useful than a sandwich.
40:14.474 --> 40:16.342
Genius is
no guarantee of wisdom.
40:17.343 --> 40:20.113
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?
40:29.622 --> 40:31.057
Kitty?
40:35.762 --> 40:37.697
Kitty?
40:37.730 --> 40:41.134
Kitty, the project...
40:42.101 --> 40:44.704
I'm in. I'm in.
40:44.737 --> 40:46.506
Let's celebrate.
40:52.145 --> 40:53.746
Shouldn't you go to him?
40:58.351 --> 41:01.521
I have been going to him
all fucking day.
41:25.278 --> 41:27.012
Come here, darling.
41:28.114 --> 41:29.682
I don't know how to say this.
41:29.716 --> 41:32.418
I'm... I'm ashamed to ask.
41:32.452 --> 41:34.387
Anything.
41:34.420 --> 41:35.221
Take Peter.
41:35.255 --> 41:38.291
-Sure.
-No, for-for a while, Hoke.
41:38.324 --> 41:40.293
A while.
41:41.861 --> 41:43.663
Does Kitty know you're here?
41:43.696 --> 41:45.431
Yes, of course she knows.
41:46.299 --> 41:48.301
Of course she knows.
41:48.334 --> 41:52.038
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
41:53.540 --> 41:54.541
Forget I asked.
41:54.574 --> 41:56.409
Selfish, awful people,
41:56.442 --> 41:58.845
they don't know
they're selfish and awful.
41:58.878 --> 42:01.447
Sit, sit, sit.
42:02.482 --> 42:06.586
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
42:08.288 --> 42:10.857
There is a price
to be paid for that.
42:10.890 --> 42:12.458
Of course we'll help you.
42:23.403 --> 42:25.572
Everything's changing, Robert.
42:25.605 --> 42:27.574
Having a child was always
going to change...
42:27.607 --> 42:31.711
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
42:31.744 --> 42:34.147
It's reforming.
42:35.915 --> 42:37.617
This is your moment.
42:38.785 --> 42:40.453
We're putting together a group
to study feasibility...
42:40.486 --> 42:43.289
"We" shouldn't be
doing anything. You should.
42:44.190 --> 42:46.326
Lawrence won't get this done.
42:46.359 --> 42:48.494
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
42:57.337 --> 42:59.472
Who are the uniforms?
43:00.273 --> 43:02.175
I thought you might know.
43:03.209 --> 43:05.478
Dr. Oppenheimer.
43:05.511 --> 43:07.480
I'm Colonel Groves.
43:07.513 --> 43:09.749
This is Lieutenant
Colonel Nichols.
43:09.782 --> 43:11.284
Have that dry-cleaned.
43:17.190 --> 43:19.258
Well, if that's how you treat
Lieutenant Colonel,
43:19.292 --> 43:22.662
I'd hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.
43:22.695 --> 43:24.764
Ah, if I ever meet one,
I'll let you know.
43:24.797 --> 43:26.299
Ouch.
43:26.332 --> 43:27.900
Theaters of combat
all over the world,
43:27.934 --> 43:29.869
but I have to stay
in Washington.
43:29.902 --> 43:32.605
-Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
43:32.639 --> 43:35.274
The brass likes it so much
they made me take over
43:35.308 --> 43:37.443
the Manhattan Engineer District.
43:37.477 --> 43:38.611
Which is?
43:38.645 --> 43:41.914
Oh, don't be a smart ass.
You know damn well what it is.
43:41.948 --> 43:43.650
You and half of every
physics department
43:43.683 --> 43:46.519
across the country.
That's problem number one.
43:46.552 --> 43:48.287
I thought problem
number one would be
43:48.321 --> 43:49.589
securing enough uranium ore.
43:49.622 --> 43:52.725
1,200 tons bought
the day I took charge.
43:52.759 --> 43:53.926
Processing?
43:53.960 --> 43:56.162
Just broke ground
at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
43:56.963 --> 43:58.665
Now I'm looking
for a project director.
43:58.698 --> 44:00.800
And my name came up?
44:00.833 --> 44:01.901
Nope.
44:03.037 --> 44:05.271
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.
44:05.304 --> 44:06.673
Which made me curious.
44:06.706 --> 44:08.574
What have you found out?
44:09.475 --> 44:11.978
You're a dilettante,
a womanizer,
44:12.011 --> 44:13.346
a suspected Communist...
44:13.379 --> 44:14.781
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
44:14.814 --> 44:16.416
I said "suspected."
44:16.449 --> 44:20.687
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic...
44:20.720 --> 44:21.754
Nothing good, no?
44:21.788 --> 44:23.456
Not even
"he's brilliant, but..."
44:23.489 --> 44:25.291
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted
44:25.324 --> 44:26.826
in your circle, so no.
44:26.859 --> 44:28.828
No, the only person who had
anything good to say
44:28.861 --> 44:30.596
was Richard Tolman.
44:30.630 --> 44:32.732
Tolman thinks
you have integrity,
44:32.765 --> 44:34.901
but he also strikes me as a guy
44:34.934 --> 44:37.303
who knows more about
science than people.
44:37.336 --> 44:41.307
Yet here you are.
You don't take much on trust.
44:41.340 --> 44:43.342
I don't take anything on trust.
44:46.913 --> 44:48.648
Why don't you
have a Nobel Prize?
44:48.681 --> 44:49.749
Why aren't you a general?
44:49.782 --> 44:50.950
They're making me one for this.
44:50.983 --> 44:52.351
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
44:52.385 --> 44:53.986
A Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
44:54.020 --> 44:56.355
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
44:58.791 --> 45:00.426
So how would you proceed?
45:01.928 --> 45:04.630
You're talking
about turning theory
45:04.664 --> 45:06.833
into a practical weapons system
45:06.866 --> 45:08.000
faster than the Nazis.
45:08.035 --> 45:09.769
Who have a 12-month head start.
45:09.802 --> 45:10.937
Eighteen.
45:10.970 --> 45:12.338
How could you possibly
know that?
45:12.371 --> 45:14.407
Our fast neutron research
took six months.
45:14.440 --> 45:15.942
The man they've
undoubtedly put in charge
45:15.975 --> 45:17.376
will have made
that leap instantly.
45:17.410 --> 45:18.611
Who do you think
they put in charge?
45:18.644 --> 45:19.746
Werner Heisenberg.
45:19.779 --> 45:22.348
He has the most intuitive
understanding
45:22.381 --> 45:24.051
of atomic structure
I have ever seen.
45:24.084 --> 45:25.785
-You know his work?
-I know him.
45:25.818 --> 45:27.653
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
45:27.687 --> 45:30.490
In a straight race,
the Germans win.
45:30.523 --> 45:33.259
-We've got one hope.
-Which is?
45:33.860 --> 45:35.495
Anti-Semitism.
45:36.629 --> 45:37.630
What?
45:37.663 --> 45:40.500
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science."
45:40.533 --> 45:42.368
Said it right
to Einstein's face.
45:42.401 --> 45:45.638
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so... so blinded by hate
45:45.671 --> 45:47.473
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
45:47.507 --> 45:49.442
because it'll take
vast resources.
45:49.475 --> 45:51.010
Our nation's best scientists
working together.
45:51.044 --> 45:52.445
Right now, they're scattered.
45:52.478 --> 45:54.081
Which gives us
compartmentalization.
45:54.114 --> 45:55.982
All minds have
to see the whole task
45:56.015 --> 45:57.383
to contribute efficiently.
45:57.416 --> 45:59.652
Poor security
may cost us the race.
45:59.685 --> 46:01.521
Inefficiency will.
46:01.554 --> 46:03.389
The Germans know
more than us anyway.
46:03.422 --> 46:05.525
The Russians don't.
46:05.558 --> 46:09.495
Remind me,
who are we at war with?
46:09.529 --> 46:11.964
Somebody with your past
doesn't want to be seen
46:11.998 --> 46:13.599
downplaying the importance
46:13.633 --> 46:16.369
of security from
our Communist allies.
46:16.402 --> 46:19.072
Point taken. But, no.
46:19.106 --> 46:21.407
You don't get
to say "no" to me.
46:21.440 --> 46:23.709
It's my job to say "no" to you
when you're wrong.
46:23.743 --> 46:25.745
So you have the job now?
46:25.778 --> 46:27.847
Uh, I'm considering it.
46:30.550 --> 46:32.885
I'm starting to see
where you got your reputation.
46:34.087 --> 46:36.522
My favorite response,
46:36.556 --> 46:38.891
"Oppenheimer couldn't
run a hamburger stand."
46:40.860 --> 46:41.661
I couldn't.
46:43.696 --> 46:45.865
But I can run
the Manhattan Project.
46:46.732 --> 46:48.901
There's a way
to balance these things.
46:48.935 --> 46:53.140
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley under Lawrence.
46:53.173 --> 46:55.441
Met Lab in Chicago,
under Szilard.
46:55.474 --> 46:57.910
Large-scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.
46:57.944 --> 46:59.612
-And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
46:59.645 --> 47:03.716
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
47:03.749 --> 47:05.118
connected by rail.
47:05.152 --> 47:06.819
Focused on one goal.
47:06.853 --> 47:09.555
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.
47:09.589 --> 47:11.891
A secret laboratory.
In the middle of nowhere,
47:11.924 --> 47:13.392
secure, self-sufficient,
47:13.426 --> 47:14.794
equipment, housing, the works.
47:14.827 --> 47:16.996
Keep everyone there
until it's done.
47:17.030 --> 47:19.066
It'll need a school,
stores, a church.
47:19.099 --> 47:20.533
Why?
47:20.566 --> 47:21.868
If we don't let scientists
47:21.901 --> 47:23.603
bring their families,
we'll never get the best.
47:23.636 --> 47:25.705
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.
47:25.738 --> 47:26.806
Where?
47:30.810 --> 47:32.778
Welcome to Los Alamos.
47:32.812 --> 47:35.615
Now, there's a boys school
we'll have to commandeer,
47:35.648 --> 47:37.617
and the local Indians come
up here for burial rites.
47:37.650 --> 47:40.887
But, apart from that, nothing.
Forty miles. Any direction.
47:40.920 --> 47:42.855
Enough to find the perfect spot.
47:42.889 --> 47:45.391
-For?
-Success.
47:50.663 --> 47:52.665
Build him a town. Fast.
47:53.699 --> 47:56.203
Let's go recruit
some scientists.
47:56.236 --> 47:58.571
Why would I leave my family?
47:58.604 --> 48:00.040
I told you,
you can bring your family.
48:00.073 --> 48:01.507
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
48:01.540 --> 48:03.643
A soldier? He's a general.
48:03.676 --> 48:05.511
I've got all the soldier I need.
48:05.544 --> 48:07.114
What can I tell them?
48:07.147 --> 48:09.482
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe and Bohr.
48:09.515 --> 48:10.816
What do these men
have in common?
48:10.850 --> 48:12.852
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.
48:12.885 --> 48:14.221
-Yes, and?
-Uh...
48:14.254 --> 48:17.523
As much as you like,
48:17.556 --> 48:19.692
until you feel my boot
on your balls.
48:19.725 --> 48:22.495
You know isotopes
and you know explosives
48:22.528 --> 48:23.829
better than anyone in the world.
48:23.863 --> 48:26.465
But you can't tell us
what you're doing?
48:29.535 --> 48:31.771
-I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
48:31.804 --> 48:33.940
-Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
-Under Nazi occupation.
48:33.973 --> 48:35.841
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?
48:35.875 --> 48:38.211
Why would we go
to the middle of nowhere
48:38.245 --> 48:39.712
for who knows how long?
48:39.745 --> 48:41.847
For a year or two. Or three.
48:42.848 --> 48:46.452
Uh, General, could you
give us a moment?
48:47.520 --> 48:50.589
It's about unleashing
the strong force...
48:51.724 --> 48:53.126
...before the Nazis do.
48:53.160 --> 48:55.095
Oh, my God.
48:55.128 --> 48:56.229
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
48:56.263 --> 48:57.563
No, never.
48:57.596 --> 48:59.899
But while they have him,
we don't.
48:59.932 --> 49:01.101
That's why I need you.
49:01.134 --> 49:03.103
Why would you think I'd do that?
49:03.136 --> 49:04.971
"Why?" "Why?"
49:05.004 --> 49:07.207
How about because this is the
most important fucking thing
49:07.240 --> 49:09.242
to ever happen
in the history of the world.
49:09.276 --> 49:10.710
How about that?
49:11.278 --> 49:12.712
Fuck.
49:17.650 --> 49:20.019
They are not gonna
let me onto this project.
49:20.053 --> 49:22.122
And failing a security check
is not gonna be good
49:22.155 --> 49:23.823
for a career,
even after the war.
49:23.856 --> 49:26.625
So you're a fellow traveler.
So what?
49:26.659 --> 49:28.027
This is a national emergency.
49:28.061 --> 49:31.231
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
49:31.264 --> 49:32.565
They need us.
49:32.598 --> 49:34.767
Until they don't.
49:37.837 --> 49:40.240
Is there any chance of getting
Bohr out of Denmark?
49:40.273 --> 49:43.276
Nah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
49:43.310 --> 49:45.611
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
49:45.644 --> 49:47.047
there's just no way.
49:48.581 --> 49:50.016
Is he that important?
49:50.050 --> 49:53.086
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
49:54.154 --> 49:56.256
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.
49:56.289 --> 49:58.024
No, plane's too risky.
49:58.058 --> 50:00.526
Country needs us.
50:02.895 --> 50:03.996
The Harvard guys,
50:04.031 --> 50:06.599
they say the building's
too small for the cyclotron.
50:08.834 --> 50:10.736
Get them together
with the architects.
50:13.939 --> 50:15.941
When's this place
supposed to open?
50:19.046 --> 50:19.845
Two months.
50:20.980 --> 50:23.250
Robert, you're
the great improviser,
50:23.283 --> 50:25.318
but this...
50:25.352 --> 50:26.952
you can't do in your head.
50:27.987 --> 50:29.588
Four divisions.
50:30.723 --> 50:34.327
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
50:34.361 --> 50:35.328
Who's running Theoretical?
50:35.362 --> 50:36.762
I am.
50:36.796 --> 50:37.997
That's what I was afraid of.
50:38.031 --> 50:39.899
You're spread too thin.
50:41.101 --> 50:42.802
So you take Theoretical.
50:45.372 --> 50:48.607
I'm not coming here, Robert.
50:54.247 --> 50:55.915
Why not?
51:01.787 --> 51:05.858
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
51:07.127 --> 51:09.762
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
51:09.795 --> 51:12.199
to be a weapon
of mass destruction.
51:21.408 --> 51:22.741
Izzy.
51:23.876 --> 51:28.013
I don't know if we can
be trusted with such a weapon.
51:29.382 --> 51:32.685
But I know the Nazis can't.
51:36.089 --> 51:38.891
We have no choice.
51:40.293 --> 51:41.727
Then...
51:43.063 --> 51:45.432
...the second thing
you'll have to do is appoint
51:45.465 --> 51:47.733
Hans Bethe to run
the Theoretical division.
51:50.103 --> 51:51.937
Wait, what was the first?
51:51.971 --> 51:54.441
Take off
that ridiculous uniform.
51:54.474 --> 51:55.674
You're a scientist.
51:55.708 --> 51:57.310
Groves is insisting we join.
51:57.344 --> 51:59.778
Tell Groves to go
shit in his hat.
51:59.812 --> 52:03.283
They need us for who we are.
So be yourself.
52:03.316 --> 52:05.285
Only better.
52:44.324 --> 52:46.359
This is the only key.
52:46.393 --> 52:47.826
And Teller's already here.
52:47.860 --> 52:49.728
Shall I just show him in?
52:49.762 --> 52:51.431
No, let's wait for the others.
52:59.372 --> 53:00.373
Let's get started.
53:00.407 --> 53:02.475
Hello, Edward.
53:02.509 --> 53:04.211
Yes.
53:04.244 --> 53:05.945
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
53:05.978 --> 53:08.981
until the T-section
at Los Alamos is finished.
53:09.014 --> 53:11.318
-Edward, can I please...
-It is more important.
53:13.386 --> 53:15.355
When I calculated
the chain reaction,
53:15.388 --> 53:18.091
I found a rather
troubling possibility.
53:18.124 --> 53:20.227
No.
53:20.260 --> 53:21.494
But this can't be right.
53:21.528 --> 53:23.463
Show me how
you did your calculations.
53:23.496 --> 53:24.897
Yes.
53:28.401 --> 53:29.469
It's exponential.
53:29.502 --> 53:31.971
No. No, no, no. No.
53:34.507 --> 53:36.509
This is fantasy.
53:36.543 --> 53:38.811
Teller's calculations
can't be right.
53:38.844 --> 53:41.514
Do them yourself
while I go to Princeton.
53:41.548 --> 53:43.383
-What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
53:43.416 --> 53:45.985
Well, there's not much
common ground between you two.
53:46.018 --> 53:49.055
That's why
I should get his view.
53:52.492 --> 53:54.494
-Albert.
-Hmm?
53:54.527 --> 53:57.430
Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer.
53:57.464 --> 53:58.931
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
53:58.964 --> 54:00.533
We walk here most days.
54:00.567 --> 54:05.372
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.
54:05.405 --> 54:06.872
Albert, might I have a word?
54:06.905 --> 54:10.310
Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt.
54:11.311 --> 54:14.247
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
54:14.281 --> 54:15.881
Even in Princeton.
54:15.914 --> 54:19.018
He's convinced that the Nazis
can poison his food.
54:19.052 --> 54:20.320
Mm.
54:20.353 --> 54:22.188
Hmm? Huh.
54:24.057 --> 54:25.891
Wha...
54:30.430 --> 54:33.266
Whose... Whose work is this?
54:33.300 --> 54:34.334
Teller's.
54:35.468 --> 54:37.936
What do you take it to mean?
54:37.970 --> 54:39.905
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
54:39.938 --> 54:43.976
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
54:44.009 --> 54:46.212
Criticality,
a point of no return,
54:46.246 --> 54:47.846
massive explosive force.
54:47.880 --> 54:50.216
But this time,
the chain reaction doesn't stop.
54:51.117 --> 54:54.087
It would ignite the atmosphere.
54:55.155 --> 54:57.123
When we detonate
an atomic device,
54:57.157 --> 54:59.326
we might start
a chain reaction that...
55:00.293 --> 55:01.827
...destroys the world.
55:02.995 --> 55:04.897
So here we are, hmm?
55:04.930 --> 55:09.235
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities
55:09.269 --> 55:11.003
and needing certainty.
55:11.037 --> 55:13.906
Can you run
the calculations yourself?
55:13.939 --> 55:15.342
About the only thing
55:15.375 --> 55:18.645
you and I have in common
is a disdain for mathematics.
55:18.678 --> 55:21.247
Who's working on this
in-in Berkeley?
55:21.281 --> 55:22.582
Hans Bethe.
55:22.615 --> 55:24.451
Well, he'll get to the truth.
55:26.086 --> 55:28.954
And if the truth
is catastrophic?
55:28.987 --> 55:30.290
Then you stop.
55:30.323 --> 55:34.060
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.
55:34.094 --> 55:37.230
So neither side
destroys the world.
55:40.433 --> 55:41.468
Robert.
55:42.935 --> 55:46.139
This is yours, not mine.
55:59.017 --> 56:00.420
Teller's wrong.
56:00.453 --> 56:01.654
He's wrong.
56:11.331 --> 56:14.033
When you know
Teller's critical assumptions,
56:14.067 --> 56:15.402
the real picture emerges.
56:15.435 --> 56:17.237
Bottom line?
56:17.270 --> 56:19.372
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction
56:19.406 --> 56:20.407
are near zero.
56:20.440 --> 56:23.076
Near zero.
56:23.109 --> 56:25.378
-Oppie, this is good news.
-Mm.
56:26.713 --> 56:27.946
Can you run them again?
56:27.980 --> 56:29.716
No, you'll get the same answer.
56:29.749 --> 56:31.317
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
56:31.351 --> 56:34.187
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
56:34.220 --> 56:35.288
Near zero.
56:37.490 --> 56:40.160
Theory
will take you only so far.
56:40.193 --> 56:41.694
-Mm.
-Hello!
56:41.728 --> 56:43.029
-Hello, you.
-Hi.
56:43.062 --> 56:44.397
We missed him.
56:44.431 --> 56:45.565
You want to adopt?
56:45.598 --> 56:46.999
She's kidding.
56:47.033 --> 56:48.967
We wanted to see you
before we left.
56:49.001 --> 56:52.172
For parts unknown.
56:52.205 --> 56:54.741
You know who
I ran into the other day?
56:54.774 --> 56:56.409
Eltenton.
56:56.443 --> 56:57.710
Oh.
56:57.744 --> 56:59.446
The chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
56:59.479 --> 57:03.349
Yeah. He...
The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy.
57:03.383 --> 57:06.753
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
57:06.786 --> 57:08.987
How so?
57:09.021 --> 57:11.758
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.
57:11.791 --> 57:14.127
Apparently
our government's not sharing
57:14.160 --> 57:16.262
any research with the Russians.
57:16.296 --> 57:17.263
Well, he said,
57:17.297 --> 57:20.033
"Most scientists think
the policy is stupid."
57:23.369 --> 57:25.205
-Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
57:25.238 --> 57:27.607
He mentioned that if anyone
57:27.640 --> 57:30.610
had anything
they wanted to pass on,
57:30.643 --> 57:32.479
uh, going around
official channels,
57:32.512 --> 57:34.447
that he could help.
57:43.089 --> 57:44.757
That would be treason.
57:44.791 --> 57:47.627
Yes, of course.
57:47.660 --> 57:49.462
I just thought you should know.
57:52.599 --> 57:54.067
The brat is down.
57:54.100 --> 57:55.468
Where are the martinis?
58:00.673 --> 58:02.175
Coming right up.
58:02.208 --> 58:03.676
Conversation ended there.
58:03.710 --> 58:05.812
Nothing in our
long-standing friendship
58:05.845 --> 58:07.413
would have led me to believe
58:07.447 --> 58:10.183
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
58:10.216 --> 58:12.685
and I am certain
that he had no idea
58:12.719 --> 58:15.020
of the work in which
I was engaged.
58:19.559 --> 58:21.528
It has long been clear to me
58:21.561 --> 58:24.264
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
58:24.297 --> 58:25.798
The Oppenheimer situation
58:25.832 --> 58:28.735
highlights the tension
between scientists
58:28.768 --> 58:30.370
and the security apparatus.
58:30.403 --> 58:32.272
In hopes of learning
how the nominee handled
58:32.305 --> 58:34.641
such issues during
his time at the AEC,
58:34.674 --> 58:38.177
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
58:38.845 --> 58:40.413
Who are they bringing in?
58:40.446 --> 58:41.414
They hadn't said.
58:41.447 --> 58:42.815
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
58:42.849 --> 58:45.385
I'm nominated
for Commerce Secretary.
58:45.418 --> 58:47.720
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?
58:47.754 --> 58:50.089
This is a Cabinet post, Admiral.
58:50.123 --> 58:52.292
We seek a wide range of opinion.
58:52.325 --> 58:55.128
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
58:55.161 --> 58:56.663
I'd like the chance
to cross-examine.
58:56.696 --> 58:58.831
This is not a court.
58:58.865 --> 59:01.267
Formality, huh?
59:01.301 --> 59:02.569
No presidential Cabinet nominee
59:02.602 --> 59:05.171
has failed to be confirmed
since 1925.
59:05.204 --> 59:07.307
This is just how
the game is played.
59:07.340 --> 59:08.641
It's in the bag, Lewis.
59:08.675 --> 59:09.876
So play nice.
59:09.909 --> 59:12.178
They bring in a scientist,
so what?
59:12.211 --> 59:14.213
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
59:14.247 --> 59:16.282
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,
59:16.316 --> 59:18.318
especially if you're
not one of them.
59:18.351 --> 59:19.652
I was chair of the AEC.
59:19.686 --> 59:22.121
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
59:22.155 --> 59:23.456
We can't have
the Senate thinking
59:23.489 --> 59:26.593
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
59:26.626 --> 59:28.461
Or should we pivot?
59:28.494 --> 59:30.463
-To what?
-And embrace it.
59:30.496 --> 59:33.266
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
59:33.299 --> 59:34.867
I-I don't think
we need to go there.
59:34.901 --> 59:37.170
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
59:37.203 --> 59:38.638
-Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
59:38.671 --> 59:40.740
Can you get the name of
the scientist they've called?
59:40.773 --> 59:42.342
-Probably.
-Find out if he was
59:42.375 --> 59:44.744
based in Chicago
or Los Alamos during the war.
59:44.777 --> 59:46.145
Why does that matter?
59:46.179 --> 59:47.380
Well, if he was
based in Chicago,
59:47.413 --> 59:48.815
then he worked
under Szilard and Fermi,
59:48.848 --> 59:51.150
not the cult of Oppie
at Los Alamos.
59:51.184 --> 59:52.418
Robert built that damn place.
59:52.452 --> 59:55.221
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
59:55.254 --> 59:56.656
all rolled into one.
01:00:09.602 --> 01:00:11.404
All it needs is a saloon.
01:00:39.832 --> 01:00:42.402
There's no kitchen.
01:00:42.435 --> 01:00:46.372
Really? We'll fix that.
01:00:52.278 --> 01:00:55.682
Barbed wire, guns.
01:00:55.715 --> 01:00:56.816
Oppie.
01:00:56.849 --> 01:00:58.484
We're at war, Hans.
01:01:00.887 --> 01:01:03.456
Halifax. 1917.
01:01:03.489 --> 01:01:06.459
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
01:01:08.861 --> 01:01:11.798
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.
01:01:15.468 --> 01:01:18.304
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.
01:01:18.337 --> 01:01:20.306
Now let's calculate
how much more destructive
01:01:20.339 --> 01:01:23.009
it would have been
if it were a nuclear
01:01:23.043 --> 01:01:24.711
and not a chemical reaction.
01:01:24.744 --> 01:01:28.381
Expressing power in terms
of tons of TNT.
01:01:28.414 --> 01:01:29.916
But it will be thousands.
01:01:29.949 --> 01:01:33.386
Well, then kilotons.
01:01:36.956 --> 01:01:40.326
Using U-235,
01:01:40.359 --> 01:01:42.929
-the bomb will need a...
-Uh-uh.
01:01:42.962 --> 01:01:46.033
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
01:01:46.066 --> 01:01:47.533
about this size.
01:01:47.567 --> 01:01:51.370
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
01:01:52.772 --> 01:01:54.006
Here's the amount of uranium
01:01:54.041 --> 01:01:57.376
Oak Ridge refined
all of last month.
01:01:59.779 --> 01:02:03.783
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
01:02:04.917 --> 01:02:08.020
Now, if we can enrich
these amounts,
01:02:08.055 --> 01:02:10.857
we need a way to detonate them.
01:02:10.890 --> 01:02:12.992
Are we boring you, Edward?
01:02:13.025 --> 01:02:14.627
A little bit, yes.
01:02:14.660 --> 01:02:15.895
May I ask why?
01:02:15.928 --> 01:02:17.363
We all entered this room
01:02:17.396 --> 01:02:19.332
knowing a fission bomb
was possible.
01:02:19.365 --> 01:02:21.968
How 'bout we leave it
with something new?
01:02:22.001 --> 01:02:23.002
Such as?
01:02:23.036 --> 01:02:25.772
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
01:02:25.805 --> 01:02:26.806
we use hydrogen.
01:02:28.374 --> 01:02:29.976
-Heavy hydrogen.
-Hydrogen.
01:02:30.009 --> 01:02:32.779
Deuterium. You see?
01:02:32.812 --> 01:02:34.514
We compact the atoms together
01:02:34.547 --> 01:02:37.617
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
01:02:38.551 --> 01:02:41.387
Then we'll get not kilotons,
01:02:41.420 --> 01:02:42.488
but megatons.
01:02:42.522 --> 01:02:43.456
A big fission reaction...
01:02:43.489 --> 01:02:45.058
Okay, hang on, hang on.
01:02:45.092 --> 01:02:49.796
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
01:02:49.829 --> 01:02:51.898
A small fission bomb.
01:02:51.931 --> 01:02:53.633
There we are.
01:02:55.568 --> 01:02:57.370
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
01:02:57.403 --> 01:02:59.372
can we get back
to the business at hand?
01:02:59.405 --> 01:03:00.740
The isotopes issue
01:03:00.773 --> 01:03:04.410
wasn't your most important
policy disagreement
01:03:04.443 --> 01:03:06.079
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
01:03:06.113 --> 01:03:08.514
It was the hydrogen bomb,
wasn't it?
01:03:08.548 --> 01:03:11.417
Uh, as colleagues,
we agreed to disagree
01:03:11.450 --> 01:03:13.452
on a great many things, uh,
01:03:13.486 --> 01:03:14.720
and, well, one of them
01:03:14.754 --> 01:03:17.824
was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
01:03:30.670 --> 01:03:33.439
Thanks for convening
on short notice.
01:03:33.472 --> 01:03:34.941
I can't believe it.
01:03:35.942 --> 01:03:37.476
Well, here we are.
01:03:37.510 --> 01:03:39.512
Catch me up. What do we know?
01:03:39.545 --> 01:03:42.049
One of our B-29s
over the North Pacific
01:03:42.082 --> 01:03:43.583
has detected radiation.
01:03:43.616 --> 01:03:45.384
Do we have the filter papers?
01:03:45.418 --> 01:03:47.420
There's no doubt what this is.
01:03:47.453 --> 01:03:48.654
White House says
there's a doubt.
01:03:48.688 --> 01:03:50.123
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
01:03:50.157 --> 01:03:52.859
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
01:03:53.793 --> 01:03:55.862
It's an atomic test.
01:03:58.497 --> 01:03:59.899
The Russians have a bomb.
01:03:59.932 --> 01:04:03.669
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some...
01:04:03.703 --> 01:04:06.005
What were you guys
doing at Los Alamos?
01:04:06.039 --> 01:04:07.174
Wasn't security tight?
01:04:07.207 --> 01:04:08.708
Of course it was.
You weren't there.
01:04:08.741 --> 01:04:11.144
-It was...
-Forgive me, Doctor...
01:04:11.178 --> 01:04:13.613
but I was there.
01:04:14.680 --> 01:04:16.015
We can now consider
01:04:16.049 --> 01:04:17.984
the actual mechanics
of detonation.
01:04:18.017 --> 01:04:19.152
Any ideas?
01:04:19.186 --> 01:04:20.920
I call this "shooting."
01:04:20.953 --> 01:04:24.490
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
01:04:24.523 --> 01:04:27.026
with enough force
to achieve criticality.
01:04:27.060 --> 01:04:28.728
What do we think? Anyone?
01:04:28.761 --> 01:04:30.563
I've been
thinking about implosion.
01:04:30.596 --> 01:04:32.565
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards,
01:04:32.598 --> 01:04:34.634
crushing the material.
01:04:34.667 --> 01:04:36.602
I'd like to investigate
that idea.
01:04:36.636 --> 01:04:38.938
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
01:04:39.939 --> 01:04:41.041
Progress?
01:04:41.074 --> 01:04:42.909
Nice to see you too.
01:04:42.942 --> 01:04:44.710
Meet the British contingent.
01:04:44.744 --> 01:04:46.579
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
01:04:46.612 --> 01:04:48.481
How long have you been British?
01:04:48.514 --> 01:04:49.715
Since Hitler told me
I wasn't German.
01:04:49.749 --> 01:04:53.552
Uh-huh.
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
01:04:53.586 --> 01:04:55.454
School's up and running.
01:04:55.488 --> 01:04:57.790
Bar. Always running.
01:04:57.823 --> 01:05:00.826
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
01:05:01.794 --> 01:05:03.796
-Is that...
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
01:05:03.829 --> 01:05:05.232
I've offered jobs
to all the wives.
01:05:05.265 --> 01:05:06.732
Admin, librarians, computation.
01:05:06.766 --> 01:05:09.069
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
01:05:09.102 --> 01:05:11.671
-Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
01:05:11.704 --> 01:05:14.074
These are some of the brightest
minds in our community.
01:05:14.107 --> 01:05:15.675
And they're already
security cleared.
01:05:15.708 --> 01:05:17.576
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding
01:05:17.610 --> 01:05:19.079
cross-divisional
open discussions
01:05:19.112 --> 01:05:20.813
-on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
01:05:20.846 --> 01:05:23.183
Compartmentalization is the
key to maintaining security...
01:05:23.216 --> 01:05:24.717
It's only the top men.
01:05:24.750 --> 01:05:26.585
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
01:05:26.619 --> 01:05:27.820
These men aren't stupid.
01:05:27.853 --> 01:05:29.689
-They can be discreet.
-I don't like it.
01:05:29.722 --> 01:05:32.625
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
01:05:38.165 --> 01:05:40.700
Once a week. Top men only.
01:05:40.733 --> 01:05:42.102
I'd like to bring
my brother here.
01:05:42.135 --> 01:05:43.602
No.
01:05:44.237 --> 01:05:46.005
Uh, Nichols...
01:05:47.140 --> 01:05:49.076
I still haven't heard
that my security clearance
01:05:49.109 --> 01:05:50.676
-has been approved.
-It hasn't.
01:05:50.710 --> 01:05:52.079
We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
01:05:52.112 --> 01:05:53.146
No, you should wait.
01:05:54.348 --> 01:05:55.449
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start.
01:05:55.481 --> 01:05:58.551
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
01:05:58.584 --> 01:06:00.586
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.
01:06:00.619 --> 01:06:01.887
It's yours.
01:06:01.921 --> 01:06:03.856
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
01:06:03.889 --> 01:06:04.890
Because I'm going.
01:06:04.924 --> 01:06:08.694
And how many people
were in these, uh,
01:06:08.728 --> 01:06:10.930
-open discussions?
-Too many.
01:06:10.963 --> 01:06:12.299
Compartmentalization was
supposed to be the protocol.
01:06:12.332 --> 01:06:14.267
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
01:06:14.301 --> 01:06:16.736
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
01:06:16.769 --> 01:06:18.271
-Not unless we start it.
-Robert.
01:06:18.305 --> 01:06:21.707
They just fired a starting gun.
01:06:21.741 --> 01:06:23.709
What's the nature
of the device they detonated?
01:06:23.743 --> 01:06:25.278
The data indicates
it may have been
01:06:25.312 --> 01:06:27.613
a plutonium implosion device.
01:06:27.646 --> 01:06:30.750
Like the one you built
at Los Alamos.
01:06:30.783 --> 01:06:32.618
The Russians have a bomb,
01:06:32.651 --> 01:06:33.919
Truman needs to know
what's next.
01:06:33.953 --> 01:06:35.755
What's next? Arms talks.
01:06:35.788 --> 01:06:37.656
-Arms talks.
-Obviously.
01:06:38.591 --> 01:06:39.792
What about the Super?
01:06:39.825 --> 01:06:41.560
Does Truman even know about it?
01:06:41.594 --> 01:06:43.596
Did we brief him on that?
01:06:43.629 --> 01:06:44.697
Not specifically.
01:06:44.730 --> 01:06:46.033
We still don't know
01:06:46.066 --> 01:06:47.833
if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
01:06:47.867 --> 01:06:49.769
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it?
01:06:49.802 --> 01:06:51.637
-Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
01:06:51.670 --> 01:06:53.306
Teller's designs have always
been wildly impractical.
01:06:53.340 --> 01:06:55.674
You'd have to deliver
by ox cart.
01:06:55.708 --> 01:06:56.976
-Not airplane.
-Oppie.
01:06:57.009 --> 01:07:00.713
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
you want to comment?
01:07:01.947 --> 01:07:03.050
No.
01:07:04.917 --> 01:07:07.187
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
01:07:07.220 --> 01:07:10.257
the President
of the United States
01:07:10.290 --> 01:07:12.292
needs to know about it.
01:07:13.826 --> 01:07:15.628
And if the Russians
know about it already,
01:07:15.661 --> 01:07:18.664
from a spy at Los Alamos,
01:07:18.697 --> 01:07:19.999
then we've gotta get going.
01:07:20.033 --> 01:07:23.002
There's no proof there was
a spy at Los Alamos.
01:07:23.036 --> 01:07:24.104
Robert.
01:07:28.941 --> 01:07:30.709
They put it under
the football stadium?
01:07:30.743 --> 01:07:32.678
The field's not in use anymore.
01:07:32.711 --> 01:07:34.947
Just as well.
01:07:36.249 --> 01:07:38.684
-Oppie.
-Dr. Fermi.
01:07:41.388 --> 01:07:42.721
I hear you got a little town.
01:07:42.755 --> 01:07:43.989
Yes. Come and see.
01:07:45.724 --> 01:07:49.829
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
01:07:49.862 --> 01:07:51.797
Everybody will go crazy.
01:07:51.831 --> 01:07:55.701
Thank you for the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
01:07:55.734 --> 01:07:59.372
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
01:07:59.406 --> 01:08:01.841
When are you going
to try it out?
01:08:01.874 --> 01:08:02.908
We did.
01:08:02.942 --> 01:08:07.314
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
01:08:07.347 --> 01:08:08.981
Didn't Groves tell you?
01:08:09.014 --> 01:08:10.649
No.
01:08:15.155 --> 01:08:18.258
One at a time, please,
one at a time.
01:08:18.291 --> 01:08:19.758
Dr. Oppenheimer?
01:08:20.860 --> 01:08:23.330
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.
01:08:23.363 --> 01:08:24.663
Can you?
01:08:24.697 --> 01:08:25.831
Harvard forgot to teach that
01:08:25.865 --> 01:08:27.700
on the graduate
chemistry course.
01:08:29.069 --> 01:08:31.971
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.
01:08:37.743 --> 01:08:39.412
What the hell
were you doing in Chicago?
01:08:39.446 --> 01:08:40.913
Visiting the Met?
01:08:40.946 --> 01:08:41.947
-Why? Why?
-Well, you can't talk to...
01:08:41.981 --> 01:08:44.016
Because we have every right...
01:08:44.050 --> 01:08:46.386
You have just the rights
that I give you.
01:08:46.419 --> 01:08:47.887
No more, no less.
01:08:47.920 --> 01:08:50.357
We are adults
trying to run a project here.
01:08:50.390 --> 01:08:52.092
This is ridiculous.
01:08:52.125 --> 01:08:53.893
Tell him.
01:08:53.926 --> 01:08:57.063
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
01:08:58.198 --> 01:08:59.432
Enough of this madhouse.
01:08:59.466 --> 01:09:01.834
Nobody can work
under these conditions.
01:09:01.867 --> 01:09:06.306
You know what, Generalissimo?
I quit.
01:09:06.339 --> 01:09:07.740
Thanks for nothing.
01:09:09.842 --> 01:09:11.344
Better off without him.
01:09:12.778 --> 01:09:13.812
Aren't you more concerned
01:09:13.846 --> 01:09:16.216
about his discretion out there?
01:09:16.249 --> 01:09:18.652
We'll have him killed.
01:09:19.486 --> 01:09:22.055
I was just kidding.
01:09:22.088 --> 01:09:25.024
-No, he hates me, not America.
-You know, General,
01:09:25.058 --> 01:09:27.394
not everyone has levers
to pull like mine.
01:09:27.427 --> 01:09:29.262
I don't think I understand.
01:09:29.296 --> 01:09:31.464
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past.
01:09:31.498 --> 01:09:33.233
You hired me because of it.
01:09:34.234 --> 01:09:36.203
So you could control me.
01:09:36.236 --> 01:09:38.837
Well, I'm not that subtle.
01:09:38.871 --> 01:09:40.906
I'm just a humble soldier.
01:09:40.940 --> 01:09:42.442
You're neither humble
nor just a soldier.
01:09:42.475 --> 01:09:43.476
You studied engineering at MIT.
01:09:43.510 --> 01:09:45.345
Guilty as charged.
01:09:45.378 --> 01:09:46.879
Well, now we understand
each other,
01:09:46.912 --> 01:09:48.348
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
01:09:48.381 --> 01:09:51.184
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
01:09:56.089 --> 01:09:57.823
General Groves, were you aware
01:09:57.856 --> 01:10:00.160
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
left-wing associations
01:10:00.193 --> 01:10:01.860
when you appointed him?
01:10:01.894 --> 01:10:03.530
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
01:10:03.563 --> 01:10:05.432
I was aware he had
a very extreme
01:10:05.465 --> 01:10:06.832
liberal background.
01:10:06.865 --> 01:10:08.468
In your opinion,
would he ever consciously
01:10:08.501 --> 01:10:09.802
commit a disloyal act?
01:10:09.835 --> 01:10:11.438
I would be amazed if he did.
01:10:11.471 --> 01:10:14.541
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity.
01:10:14.574 --> 01:10:15.975
At Los Alamos, yes,
01:10:16.008 --> 01:10:17.344
which is where
I really knew him.
01:10:17.377 --> 01:10:19.346
General,
did your security officers
01:10:19.379 --> 01:10:20.846
on the project advise you
01:10:20.879 --> 01:10:22.349
against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
01:10:22.382 --> 01:10:26.186
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.
01:10:26.219 --> 01:10:28.854
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
01:10:28.887 --> 01:10:30.123
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
security file.
01:10:30.156 --> 01:10:31.824
I did.
01:10:31.857 --> 01:10:33.025
Well, then there's only
really one question
01:10:33.059 --> 01:10:34.527
I need answered here today.
01:10:34.561 --> 01:10:36.263
In light of
the current AEC guidelines,
01:10:36.296 --> 01:10:38.998
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
01:10:39.032 --> 01:10:41.101
Do you have the guidelines?
01:10:48.174 --> 01:10:50.843
Under current AEC guidelines,
01:10:50.876 --> 01:10:52.911
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
01:11:05.125 --> 01:11:08.927
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
01:11:08.961 --> 01:11:11.997
My God. What a trek.
01:11:12.032 --> 01:11:13.500
That's why you need a liaison.
01:11:13.533 --> 01:11:15.068
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
01:11:16.236 --> 01:11:17.304
You're gonna be okay.
01:11:17.337 --> 01:11:18.505
This way, gentlemen.
01:11:28.481 --> 01:11:30.317
-Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
01:11:30.350 --> 01:11:32.918
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
01:11:32.951 --> 01:11:35.288
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.
01:11:38.458 --> 01:11:39.459
Okay.
01:11:40.627 --> 01:11:42.062
Thank you.
01:11:49.968 --> 01:11:51.204
Greetings from Berkeley.
01:11:51.237 --> 01:11:53.373
I am here to update you
on our progress
01:11:53.406 --> 01:11:54.940
and solicit your input.
01:11:54.973 --> 01:11:56.343
To do so,
I am going to have to share
01:11:56.376 --> 01:12:00.046
a few things that
General Groves told me not to.
01:12:00.080 --> 01:12:01.880
Sorry, General,
I said I understood,
01:12:01.914 --> 01:12:02.981
not that I agreed.
01:12:03.015 --> 01:12:04.551
'Kay.
01:12:04.584 --> 01:12:06.619
Gentlemen, to business.
01:12:06.653 --> 01:12:09.021
There were rumors of espionage
at Los Alamos.
01:12:09.055 --> 01:12:10.523
Unsubstantiated.
Unsubstantiated.
01:12:10.557 --> 01:12:12.024
I'm told
01:12:12.058 --> 01:12:13.360
that there were Communists
on the project.
01:12:13.393 --> 01:12:15.161
We didn't knowingly
employ any Communists.
01:12:15.195 --> 01:12:16.962
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
01:12:16.995 --> 01:12:18.465
in discussions of the Super?
01:12:18.498 --> 01:12:20.667
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
01:12:20.700 --> 01:12:22.968
My brother had left
the Party by then.
01:12:23.001 --> 01:12:24.237
What about Lomanitz?
01:12:24.270 --> 01:12:26.004
Lomanitz was never
employed at Los Alamos.
01:12:26.039 --> 01:12:27.040
He was a liaison.
01:12:27.073 --> 01:12:28.241
Our security was tight,
01:12:28.274 --> 01:12:29.642
as former Colonel Nichols
well knows.
01:12:29.676 --> 01:12:31.244
Our security was as tight
as it could be
01:12:31.277 --> 01:12:32.645
given the personalities
involved,
01:12:32.679 --> 01:12:34.514
but attempts were made.
01:12:34.547 --> 01:12:35.548
What is that supposed to mean?
01:12:35.582 --> 01:12:37.150
We've all read his file here.
01:12:38.184 --> 01:12:40.186
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?
01:12:40.720 --> 01:12:42.888
Or the Chevalier incident?
01:12:47.494 --> 01:12:48.894
'Scuse me.
01:12:52.198 --> 01:12:54.167
That's Lomanitz, line one.
01:13:00.039 --> 01:13:01.074
Hello, Rossi.
01:13:01.107 --> 01:13:04.310
What? O-Okay, just calm down.
01:13:05.278 --> 01:13:08.515
There's been another screw-up.
Lomanitz just got drafted.
01:13:08.548 --> 01:13:11.016
-We are at war, Doctor.
-Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
01:13:11.050 --> 01:13:13.052
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?
01:13:13.086 --> 01:13:14.287
It wasn't a mistake.
01:13:14.320 --> 01:13:15.655
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying
01:13:15.688 --> 01:13:17.956
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
01:13:17.990 --> 01:13:19.292
He promised to quit all that.
01:13:19.325 --> 01:13:21.227
Well, he hasn't.
01:13:21.261 --> 01:13:23.129
Security officer at Berkeley's
concerned about
01:13:23.163 --> 01:13:25.465
Communist infiltration
through that union,
01:13:25.498 --> 01:13:28.101
-the F.A...
-F.A.E.C.T.
01:13:30.503 --> 01:13:34.207
While I'm there next week,
I'll drop in to see him.
01:13:36.476 --> 01:13:38.211
Your Q clearance came through.
01:13:41.748 --> 01:13:43.183
It's important
you not maintain or renew
01:13:43.216 --> 01:13:45.485
any questionable associations.
01:13:50.223 --> 01:13:52.725
Doctor, did you think
social contacts
01:13:52.759 --> 01:13:55.094
between a person engaged
on secret war work
01:13:55.128 --> 01:13:56.496
and Communists was dangerous?
01:13:56.529 --> 01:14:00.200
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
01:14:00.233 --> 01:14:03.136
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
01:14:03.169 --> 01:14:06.372
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
01:14:12.812 --> 01:14:15.782
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
01:14:15.815 --> 01:14:18.084
I mean, really,
01:14:18.117 --> 01:14:20.153
known Communists.
01:14:22.288 --> 01:14:24.524
Look...
01:14:24.557 --> 01:14:26.092
I've had a lot of secrets
01:14:26.125 --> 01:14:29.095
in my head for a long time.
01:14:30.063 --> 01:14:31.331
Doesn't matter
who I associate with.
01:14:31.364 --> 01:14:34.267
I don't talk about
those secrets.
01:14:41.674 --> 01:14:43.309
You said in your statement
01:14:43.343 --> 01:14:49.282
that you had to see
Jean Tatlock in 1943.
01:14:50.750 --> 01:14:52.418
You left.
01:14:53.653 --> 01:14:55.088
Not a word.
01:14:55.121 --> 01:14:57.590
What did you think
that would do to me?
01:14:58.691 --> 01:14:59.759
I wrote.
01:14:59.792 --> 01:15:02.195
Pages of nothing.
01:15:04.464 --> 01:15:06.799
Where did you go?
01:15:06.833 --> 01:15:09.269
-I can't tell you.
-Why not?
01:15:09.302 --> 01:15:12.038
Because you're a Communist.
01:15:13.573 --> 01:15:15.441
Why did you have to see her?
01:15:15.475 --> 01:15:18.578
Because she had indicated
a great desire
01:15:18.611 --> 01:15:20.280
to see me before we left.
01:15:20.313 --> 01:15:21.481
At that time, I couldn't,
01:15:21.514 --> 01:15:25.318
but I felt that
she had to see me.
01:15:25.351 --> 01:15:27.854
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.
01:15:27.887 --> 01:15:30.123
She was extremely unhappy.
01:15:30.156 --> 01:15:32.158
Did you find out
why she had to see you?
01:15:37.263 --> 01:15:39.332
Because she was
still in love with me.
01:15:46.539 --> 01:15:48.608
Spent the night together,
didn't you?
01:15:56.583 --> 01:15:57.617
Yes.
01:16:03.289 --> 01:16:07.160
You drop in and out of my life,
01:16:07.193 --> 01:16:09.662
and you don't
have to tell me why.
01:16:09.696 --> 01:16:11.164
Now that's power.
01:16:11.197 --> 01:16:13.232
Not that I enjoy.
01:16:14.200 --> 01:16:16.336
I'd rather be here
for you as you need.
01:16:16.369 --> 01:16:18.838
But you have
other priorities now.
01:16:18.871 --> 01:16:21.641
I have a wife and child.
01:16:22.642 --> 01:16:25.445
That's not what either of us
is talking about.
01:16:28.881 --> 01:16:30.750
Jean.
01:16:30.783 --> 01:16:32.919
You asked me to come.
01:16:32.952 --> 01:16:35.321
And I'm glad I did.
01:16:35.955 --> 01:16:38.524
But I can't see you again.
01:16:40.927 --> 01:16:42.629
But what if I need you?
01:16:46.199 --> 01:16:49.168
You said you would
always answer.
01:16:51.638 --> 01:16:52.772
Not a word?
01:16:54.041 --> 01:16:55.109
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
01:16:55.141 --> 01:16:57.810
As a matter of fact, it was.
01:16:57.844 --> 01:17:00.213
Not a word.
01:17:00.246 --> 01:17:02.415
When did you
see her after that?
01:17:10.823 --> 01:17:12.492
I never saw her again.
01:17:18.698 --> 01:17:21.334
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.
01:17:21.367 --> 01:17:24.537
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
01:17:24.570 --> 01:17:26.706
Today you said it to history,
didn't you?
01:17:26.739 --> 01:17:28.274
This is a closed hearing.
01:17:29.976 --> 01:17:31.577
If they don't release
the transcript,
01:17:31.611 --> 01:17:33.613
-I'm sure you will.
-I was under oath.
01:17:33.646 --> 01:17:35.415
Well, you were
under an oath for me
01:17:35.448 --> 01:17:37.250
when you went to see Jean.
01:17:37.917 --> 01:17:39.352
You know, you...
01:17:40.253 --> 01:17:42.555
...you sit there, day after day,
01:17:42.588 --> 01:17:45.625
letting them pick our lives
to pieces.
01:17:48.628 --> 01:17:50.329
Why won't you fight?
01:17:53.466 --> 01:17:56.602
Robert, I'm not
putting her up there.
01:18:01.741 --> 01:18:04.610
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
Please, take a seat.
01:18:04.644 --> 01:18:08.247
No need, um, I just wanted
to check whether I should
01:18:08.281 --> 01:18:10.450
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
01:18:10.483 --> 01:18:12.585
Well, I'd say that's really
up to you, Professor,
01:18:12.618 --> 01:18:14.787
-but I'd be cautious.
-Uh-huh. Understood.
01:18:14.821 --> 01:18:17.557
Oh, and, um,
as regards to the union,
01:18:17.590 --> 01:18:19.358
I wanted to give you
a heads-up on a...
01:18:19.392 --> 01:18:20.727
on a man named Eltenton.
01:18:20.760 --> 01:18:22.261
A heads-up?
01:18:22.295 --> 01:18:26.232
Yes, just that he might
merit watching is all.
01:18:27.034 --> 01:18:28.468
Well, I'd love
to get more details.
01:18:28.501 --> 01:18:30.837
Well, I...
I have an appointment now
01:18:30.870 --> 01:18:32.305
and I leave early tomorrow.
01:18:32.338 --> 01:18:33.873
Well, come back
as early as you like.
01:18:33.906 --> 01:18:36.242
Since you haven't time now.
01:18:36.909 --> 01:18:38.745
You went back the next morning.
01:18:38.778 --> 01:18:40.780
I did, I had to, really.
01:18:41.714 --> 01:18:44.317
This time, there was
another man.
01:18:44.984 --> 01:18:46.486
He said his name's Pash.
01:18:46.519 --> 01:18:49.021
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
01:18:49.056 --> 01:18:50.590
Colonel Pash,
could you please read
01:18:50.623 --> 01:18:54.427
from your memo
dated June 29, 1943?
01:18:56.529 --> 01:18:58.631
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
01:18:58.664 --> 01:19:01.501
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
01:19:01.534 --> 01:19:03.703
"Subject met with
and spent considerable time
01:19:03.736 --> 01:19:05.938
"with one Jean Tatlock,
Communist,
01:19:05.972 --> 01:19:07.440
the record of whom is attached."
01:19:07.473 --> 01:19:09.342
The subject being
Dr. Oppenheimer?
01:19:09.375 --> 01:19:11.844
-Yes.
-Whom you had not met?
01:19:11.878 --> 01:19:13.679
Not then, but soon after.
01:19:13.713 --> 01:19:15.082
He's the head of security
for the project.
01:19:15.115 --> 01:19:16.349
Shouldn't I know him?
01:19:16.382 --> 01:19:17.717
No, he should know you.
01:19:17.750 --> 01:19:19.652
I would never put you
in a room with Pash.
01:19:19.685 --> 01:19:20.953
Why not?
01:19:20.987 --> 01:19:23.056
When Pash first heard
about Lomanitz,
01:19:23.090 --> 01:19:26.025
he told the FBI
he was gonna kidnap him,
01:19:26.059 --> 01:19:27.527
take him out on a boat
01:19:27.560 --> 01:19:30.563
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.
01:19:32.698 --> 01:19:35.535
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,
01:19:35.568 --> 01:19:37.804
and it's like having a child
who I can't see.
01:19:37.837 --> 01:19:39.939
-Ah.
-By remote control.
01:19:39.972 --> 01:19:43.576
So to actually meet you is...
01:19:44.677 --> 01:19:46.113
I won't take up
too much of your time.
01:19:46.146 --> 01:19:48.414
No, no, not at all.
Whatever time you choose.
01:19:48.447 --> 01:19:51.350
Mm. Mr. Johnson told me
of a conversation
01:19:51.384 --> 01:19:53.120
you had yesterday
in which I'm very interested.
01:19:53.153 --> 01:19:55.421
It's had me worried all day.
01:19:55.454 --> 01:19:57.957
Yes, well, I didn't want
to talk to Lomanitz
01:19:57.990 --> 01:19:59.525
without authorization.
01:19:59.559 --> 01:20:00.760
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
01:20:00.793 --> 01:20:02.762
It's something
a little bit more...
01:20:03.796 --> 01:20:05.565
...well, in my opinion,
more serious.
01:20:05.598 --> 01:20:08.534
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information
01:20:08.568 --> 01:20:10.103
wouldn't be admissible in court,
Pash made it clear
01:20:10.137 --> 01:20:13.906
he had no intention of leaving
any witness left to prosecute.
01:20:13.940 --> 01:20:15.508
Now, the FBI talked him down,
01:20:15.541 --> 01:20:17.110
but that's the man
you're dancing with.
01:20:17.144 --> 01:20:19.846
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
01:20:19.879 --> 01:20:22.582
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab.
01:20:22.615 --> 01:20:26.519
A man attached
to the Soviet Consul
01:20:26.552 --> 01:20:29.589
indicated,
through intermediate people,
01:20:29.622 --> 01:20:31.158
to people on this project,
01:20:31.191 --> 01:20:34.627
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
01:20:34.660 --> 01:20:37.496
Oh, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
01:20:38.931 --> 01:20:41.467
Frankly, I can see that
there might be an argument
01:20:41.500 --> 01:20:43.903
for the Commander-in-Chief
informing the Russians--
01:20:43.936 --> 01:20:45.805
they're our allies after all--
01:20:45.838 --> 01:20:48.741
but I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
01:20:48.774 --> 01:20:51.510
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.
01:20:52.912 --> 01:20:54.081
And you said that to Pash?
01:20:54.114 --> 01:20:55.615
I was trying to put it
01:20:55.648 --> 01:20:58.484
in a context
of Russia's not Germany.
01:20:58.517 --> 01:21:02.922
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
01:21:02.955 --> 01:21:06.459
Born here, but in 1918,
he went back to Russia
01:21:06.492 --> 01:21:07.927
to fight the Bolsheviks.
01:21:07.960 --> 01:21:10.130
This is a man who has killed
Communists with his own hands.
01:21:10.163 --> 01:21:13.633
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
01:21:13.666 --> 01:21:15.701
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
01:21:15.735 --> 01:21:17.937
Would you be
a little more specific?
01:21:20.806 --> 01:21:23.676
There's a man whose name
was mentioned to me
01:21:23.709 --> 01:21:25.811
a couple of times. Eltenton.
01:21:26.846 --> 01:21:29.949
Uh, I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
01:21:29.982 --> 01:21:32.518
He talked to a friend of his
01:21:32.551 --> 01:21:36.455
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
01:21:37.690 --> 01:21:40.127
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
01:21:40.160 --> 01:21:42.695
I was attempting
to give them Eltenton
01:21:42.728 --> 01:21:44.064
without opening a can of worms.
01:21:44.097 --> 01:21:46.066
I told them
a cock-and-bull story.
01:21:46.099 --> 01:21:47.633
Did you lie
to General Groves too?
01:21:47.667 --> 01:21:51.204
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
01:21:51.238 --> 01:21:52.672
Do you recall this conversation
01:21:52.705 --> 01:21:55.108
about the Chevalier incident?
01:21:55.142 --> 01:21:57.543
I've seen so many
versions of it. Um...
01:21:57.576 --> 01:21:58.744
Wasn't confused before,
01:21:58.778 --> 01:22:00.213
but I'm certainly
getting there now.
01:22:00.247 --> 01:22:01.547
And what was your conclusion?
01:22:01.580 --> 01:22:03.950
That he was under
the influence of
01:22:03.983 --> 01:22:06.852
the typical American
schoolboy attitude
01:22:06.886 --> 01:22:10.489
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
01:22:10.523 --> 01:22:12.558
Well, now.
01:22:12.591 --> 01:22:15.027
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?
01:22:15.062 --> 01:22:17.264
That would in... involve people
01:22:17.297 --> 01:22:19.266
who are not to be
involved in this.
01:22:19.299 --> 01:22:22.069
Is that someone
a member of the project?
01:22:22.102 --> 01:22:26.639
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
01:22:26.672 --> 01:22:27.773
Ah.
01:22:27.807 --> 01:22:29.575
So Eltenton made his approach
01:22:29.608 --> 01:22:32.845
through a member of
the faculty here at Berkeley?
01:22:34.580 --> 01:22:37.050
As far as I know.
As far as I know, yes.
01:22:37.084 --> 01:22:39.719
But there-there may have been
01:22:39.752 --> 01:22:42.488
more than one person involved.
01:22:45.891 --> 01:22:49.096
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
01:22:49.129 --> 01:22:52.065
I think you can understand
that's because of my insistence
01:22:52.099 --> 01:22:54.700
in not getting
innocent people into trouble.
01:22:54.734 --> 01:22:56.535
You're trying
to protect your friend.
01:22:56.569 --> 01:22:57.803
Who's protecting you?
01:22:57.837 --> 01:22:59.239
Well, you could.
01:22:59.272 --> 01:23:00.606
If you gave me the name.
01:23:00.639 --> 01:23:02.575
If you order me to, I'll do it.
01:23:02.608 --> 01:23:03.642
That's a mistake, Robert.
01:23:03.676 --> 01:23:05.511
You need to volunteer this name.
01:23:06.346 --> 01:23:08.014
And did he give you the name?
01:23:08.048 --> 01:23:09.182
He did.
01:23:09.216 --> 01:23:10.683
-But not then, did he?
-No.
01:23:10.716 --> 01:23:12.185
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn't it?
01:23:12.219 --> 01:23:14.121
It was.
01:23:14.154 --> 01:23:15.255
You see me as persistent.
01:23:15.288 --> 01:23:17.023
Well, you are...
01:23:17.057 --> 01:23:18.891
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
01:23:18.924 --> 01:23:22.628
And-and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
01:23:22.661 --> 01:23:24.663
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
01:23:24.697 --> 01:23:26.799
which may come
to your attention...
01:23:28.168 --> 01:23:29.935
...and be disturbing to you,
01:23:29.969 --> 01:23:33.073
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
01:23:33.106 --> 01:23:34.607
I'm not formulating a plan.
01:23:34.640 --> 01:23:36.976
I'll just have to digest
the whole thing.
01:23:40.613 --> 01:23:43.316
In the months
in between your interview
01:23:43.350 --> 01:23:46.986
with Dr. Oppenheimer and his
eventual naming of Chevalier,
01:23:47.019 --> 01:23:48.321
did you expend resources
01:23:48.355 --> 01:23:49.822
trying to find the name
of the intermediary?
01:23:49.855 --> 01:23:52.325
Considerable resources, yes.
01:23:52.359 --> 01:23:54.593
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
01:23:54.627 --> 01:23:56.063
And when did you
receive the name?
01:23:56.096 --> 01:23:57.330
I was gone by the time
01:23:57.364 --> 01:23:59.799
-Oppenheimer finally
offered it up. -Gone?
01:23:59.832 --> 01:24:02.001
They felt my time would be
better spent in Europe
01:24:02.035 --> 01:24:04.770
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
01:24:04.804 --> 01:24:05.971
Who did?
01:24:07.074 --> 01:24:08.808
General Groves.
01:24:08.841 --> 01:24:10.609
He transferred me to London.
01:24:17.050 --> 01:24:19.152
It's a little early
for a Christmas party.
01:24:19.186 --> 01:24:21.188
Something's up.
01:24:21.221 --> 01:24:23.256
Tolman's been away.
01:24:23.290 --> 01:24:24.990
Where?
01:24:25.024 --> 01:24:26.592
Ruth won't tell.
01:24:31.131 --> 01:24:32.132
Hey!
01:24:36.303 --> 01:24:37.837
Come on, Ruthie.
01:24:37.870 --> 01:24:39.939
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
01:24:39.972 --> 01:24:42.708
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
01:24:42.741 --> 01:24:44.111
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?
01:24:44.144 --> 01:24:45.845
'Cause you do a pretty good job
01:24:45.878 --> 01:24:48.647
of knowing where Mr. Tolman is
when it counts.
01:24:48.681 --> 01:24:50.217
Like now?
01:24:50.250 --> 01:24:53.686
Attention!
01:24:56.889 --> 01:24:58.824
Early Christmas present
for you all.
01:25:06.899 --> 01:25:09.269
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
01:25:09.302 --> 01:25:11.304
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know,
01:25:11.338 --> 01:25:13.073
but I messed it up.
01:25:13.106 --> 01:25:15.708
Uh, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
01:25:15.741 --> 01:25:17.943
But I pretended
I'd been napping.
01:25:18.911 --> 01:25:20.347
Please enjoy your party.
01:25:21.714 --> 01:25:23.015
Is it big enough?
01:25:23.049 --> 01:25:24.317
To end the war?
01:25:24.351 --> 01:25:27.254
To end all war.
01:25:30.090 --> 01:25:34.161
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
01:25:34.194 --> 01:25:35.928
It was chilling,
01:25:35.961 --> 01:25:37.997
my old student
working for the Nazis.
01:25:38.031 --> 01:25:41.934
He told me some things
to draw me out.
01:25:42.835 --> 01:25:46.173
Sustained fission reactions
in uranium.
01:25:46.206 --> 01:25:48.408
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
01:25:48.441 --> 01:25:49.875
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
01:25:49.909 --> 01:25:52.179
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.
01:25:52.212 --> 01:25:53.913
As a moderator?
01:25:53.946 --> 01:25:55.315
Yes, instead of graphite.
01:25:58.351 --> 01:25:59.718
What?
01:25:59.752 --> 01:26:01.921
He took a wrong turn.
01:26:01.954 --> 01:26:04.424
We're ahead. And with you here
to help us, Niels.
01:26:04.457 --> 01:26:06.725
Sorry, could you...
01:26:06.759 --> 01:26:09.695
could you give us a moment,
gentlemen?
01:26:15.868 --> 01:26:18.405
I am not here to help, Robert.
01:26:18.438 --> 01:26:20.340
I knew you could
do this without me.
01:26:20.373 --> 01:26:21.474
Then why did you come?
01:26:21.508 --> 01:26:22.942
To talk about after.
01:26:22.975 --> 01:26:24.944
The power you're about to reveal
01:26:24.977 --> 01:26:27.180
will forever outlive the Nazis.
01:26:28.248 --> 01:26:29.848
And the world is not prepared.
01:26:29.882 --> 01:26:31.284
"You could lift the stone
01:26:31.318 --> 01:26:33.953
without being ready
for the snake that's revealed."
01:26:33.986 --> 01:26:35.355
We have to make
the politicians understand,
01:26:35.388 --> 01:26:37.490
this isn't a new weapon.
01:26:37.524 --> 01:26:38.991
It's a new world.
01:26:39.024 --> 01:26:42.395
I'll be out there
doing what I can, but you...
01:26:42.429 --> 01:26:44.997
you're an American Prometheus.
01:26:45.031 --> 01:26:47.267
The man who gave them the power
01:26:47.300 --> 01:26:49.336
to destroy themselves,
01:26:49.369 --> 01:26:51.003
and they'll respect that.
01:26:51.037 --> 01:26:53.206
And your work really begins.
01:26:57.143 --> 01:27:00.280
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
01:27:01.414 --> 01:27:04.150
From San Francisco.
01:27:10.423 --> 01:27:12.125
Robert!
01:27:15.362 --> 01:27:16.895
Robert?
01:27:17.564 --> 01:27:20.133
Robert. Robert.
01:27:20.166 --> 01:27:22.369
God, what's the matter?
01:27:22.402 --> 01:27:24.170
What happened?
01:27:25.038 --> 01:27:26.972
Her father called.
01:27:27.006 --> 01:27:29.142
They found her yesterday
in the bath.
01:27:30.143 --> 01:27:31.278
Who?
01:27:32.279 --> 01:27:34.281
She'd taken pills.
01:27:34.314 --> 01:27:36.216
Left a note, not signed.
01:27:37.217 --> 01:27:38.184
She took barbiturates,
01:27:38.218 --> 01:27:40.153
but there was chloral hydrate
in her blood.
01:27:43.523 --> 01:27:44.857
There was a note.
01:27:44.890 --> 01:27:47.193
Jean Tatlock?
01:27:52.965 --> 01:27:54.967
We were together.
01:27:55.000 --> 01:27:57.803
She said she needed me. I...
01:27:59.905 --> 01:28:02.841
I told her I... I wouldn't...
01:28:02.875 --> 01:28:04.511
I told her I couldn't...
01:28:04.544 --> 01:28:06.212
No, it was... it was me.
01:28:09.215 --> 01:28:11.318
You don't get to commit the sin
01:28:11.351 --> 01:28:13.153
and then have us all
feel sorry for you
01:28:13.186 --> 01:28:16.056
that it had consequences.
01:28:18.124 --> 01:28:20.327
You pull yourself together.
01:28:23.996 --> 01:28:26.132
You know,
people here depend on you.
01:28:28.635 --> 01:28:30.103
Donald, would you like
01:28:30.136 --> 01:28:31.204
to contribute here?
Please, help me out.
01:28:31.237 --> 01:28:32.439
You're on your own, pal.
01:28:32.472 --> 01:28:33.573
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
01:28:33.606 --> 01:28:34.940
because plutonium
is radioactive.
01:28:34.973 --> 01:28:36.509
We just don't know
what it might do
01:28:36.543 --> 01:28:38.278
to the female
reproductive system...
01:28:38.311 --> 01:28:40.213
Your reproductive system is more
exposed than mine, presumably.
01:28:40.246 --> 01:28:43.116
Can we please? The implosion
device is nowhere.
01:28:43.149 --> 01:28:44.551
Hey, you can't rush everything.
01:28:44.584 --> 01:28:46.119
-Oppie, please.
-Well, there's rushing
01:28:46.152 --> 01:28:47.953
and there's getting on
with it, so pick one.
01:28:47.986 --> 01:28:49.988
Wait. Neddermeyer's
doing his job.
01:28:50.022 --> 01:28:50.956
Teller's not helping.
01:28:50.989 --> 01:28:52.525
You're not helping.
01:28:52.559 --> 01:28:53.959
I've been asking
for calculations
01:28:53.992 --> 01:28:55.128
on the implosion lenses
for weeks.
01:28:55.161 --> 01:28:56.629
The British can do it. Fuchs.
01:28:56.663 --> 01:28:57.963
Absolutely.
01:28:57.996 --> 01:28:59.366
It's your job, Teller.
01:28:59.399 --> 01:29:01.201
I'm engaged in research.
01:29:01.234 --> 01:29:03.902
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
01:29:12.010 --> 01:29:13.380
I won't work for that man.
01:29:15.148 --> 01:29:17.250
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
01:29:17.283 --> 01:29:19.519
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.
01:29:19.552 --> 01:29:21.054
Okay.
01:29:21.087 --> 01:29:22.955
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
01:29:22.988 --> 01:29:24.391
Seth, I'm putting you
on plutonium.
01:29:24.424 --> 01:29:27.527
Lilli, you go work for Kisty.
Because he needs you.
01:29:27.560 --> 01:29:30.130
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
01:29:30.163 --> 01:29:32.532
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
01:29:32.565 --> 01:29:36.336
And no one is leaving
Los Alamos.
01:29:50.583 --> 01:29:52.552
-They won't let me leave.
-No.
01:29:52.585 --> 01:29:54.187
I won't let you leave.
01:29:55.054 --> 01:29:58.158
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
01:29:58.191 --> 01:30:01.327
Stay here,
research what you want.
01:30:01.361 --> 01:30:03.962
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb,
whatever.
01:30:03.996 --> 01:30:05.165
We'll meet to discuss.
01:30:05.198 --> 01:30:06.666
You don't have time to meet.
01:30:06.699 --> 01:30:08.268
You're a politician now, Robert.
01:30:08.301 --> 01:30:10.936
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
01:30:11.771 --> 01:30:13.573
Once a week.
01:30:13.606 --> 01:30:15.475
One hour. You and me.
01:30:20.647 --> 01:30:23.216
Now raise this fucking barrier.
01:30:27.153 --> 01:30:29.589
So the Super
was under development
01:30:29.622 --> 01:30:31.591
on your watch at Los Alamos?
01:30:31.624 --> 01:30:33.126
Yes.
01:30:33.159 --> 01:30:35.027
And yet, after the war,
01:30:35.061 --> 01:30:36.663
you tried to deny it was viable.
01:30:36.696 --> 01:30:38.198
No, no, no. I...
01:30:38.231 --> 01:30:40.066
I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
01:30:40.099 --> 01:30:41.734
You... Didn't you try
to kill it at the AEC meeting
01:30:41.768 --> 01:30:43.336
-after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
01:30:43.369 --> 01:30:45.472
But that was
the recommendation of the AEC,
01:30:45.505 --> 01:30:47.774
-was it not?
-After hours of discussion
01:30:47.807 --> 01:30:50.076
about the best response.
01:30:50.109 --> 01:30:55.215
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
01:30:56.382 --> 01:31:00.153
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
01:31:00.186 --> 01:31:02.288
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
01:31:02.322 --> 01:31:04.624
Izzy, draw some circles
on this side of the map
01:31:04.657 --> 01:31:06.292
where they would target us.
01:31:06.326 --> 01:31:08.361
-Starting with New York. D.C.
-That's fair.
01:31:08.394 --> 01:31:11.164
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
01:31:11.197 --> 01:31:12.732
-Deterrence.
-"Deterrence"?
01:31:12.765 --> 01:31:14.367
Do we really need
more deterrence
01:31:14.400 --> 01:31:16.803
than our current arsenal
of atomic bombs?
01:31:16.836 --> 01:31:19.539
Y-You drown in ten feet
of water or-or 10,000,
01:31:19.572 --> 01:31:21.241
what's the difference?
01:31:21.274 --> 01:31:23.243
We can already drown Russia.
They know it.
01:31:23.276 --> 01:31:25.545
-And now they can drown us.
-So we're just escalating...
01:31:36.456 --> 01:31:39.292
As I said,
Teller's designs are still as
01:31:39.325 --> 01:31:41.261
impractical as they were
during the war.
01:31:41.294 --> 01:31:44.264
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.
01:31:44.297 --> 01:31:45.431
I don't believe we should commit
01:31:45.465 --> 01:31:47.367
all our resources
to that chance.
01:31:47.400 --> 01:31:50.270
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
01:31:50.303 --> 01:31:52.505
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
01:31:52.539 --> 01:31:55.842
through international control
on nuclear energy.
01:31:55.875 --> 01:31:57.443
By which you mean
world government?
01:31:57.477 --> 01:32:00.413
The United Nations
as Roosevelt intended.
01:32:00.446 --> 01:32:03.349
Well, I... I asked what Truman
should do, right?
01:32:03.383 --> 01:32:06.286
The world's changed,
it's not fascism but Communism
01:32:06.319 --> 01:32:07.787
that now threatens our survival.
01:32:07.820 --> 01:32:11.457
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
01:32:11.491 --> 01:32:14.360
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
01:32:14.394 --> 01:32:16.162
Could they be working
on one already?
01:32:16.195 --> 01:32:18.698
Based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos.
01:32:18.731 --> 01:32:20.199
No spy at Los Alamos.
01:32:20.233 --> 01:32:21.301
-Gentlemen.
-There wasn't?
01:32:21.334 --> 01:32:22.569
Let's not get sidetracked.
01:32:22.602 --> 01:32:24.304
I say we use this moment
01:32:24.337 --> 01:32:25.738
to gain concessions
from the Russians
01:32:25.772 --> 01:32:28.841
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
01:32:28.875 --> 01:32:30.510
Thereby revealing its existence.
01:32:30.543 --> 01:32:32.545
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
01:32:32.579 --> 01:32:34.180
All right.
01:32:34.213 --> 01:32:36.316
At this point, I'd like
the committee members
01:32:36.349 --> 01:32:40.286
to meet in privacy to finalize
our recommendations.
01:32:41.421 --> 01:32:43.423
I'm just not sure you want
to go down this road.
01:32:43.456 --> 01:32:45.725
Lewis, with respect,
we are the advisory committee,
01:32:45.758 --> 01:32:47.527
we will give them our advice.
01:32:47.560 --> 01:32:48.661
Good night.
01:32:52.865 --> 01:32:57.136
Dr. Oppenheimer?
Hi. William Borden.
01:32:57.170 --> 01:32:58.504
Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy?
01:32:58.538 --> 01:32:59.739
Oh, yes, yes.
01:32:59.772 --> 01:33:01.407
During the war, I was a pilot.
01:33:02.542 --> 01:33:05.278
One night,
flying back from a raid,
01:33:05.311 --> 01:33:08.214
I saw an amazing sight
like a meteor.
01:33:09.415 --> 01:33:12.185
A V-2 rocket headed to England.
01:33:12.218 --> 01:33:14.220
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
01:33:14.253 --> 01:33:18.157
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
01:33:26.933 --> 01:33:28.267
Well, let's make sure
we're not the ones
01:33:28.301 --> 01:33:29.602
to make that possible.
01:33:36.309 --> 01:33:39.212
Oppie, I don't think you want
to go up against Strauss.
01:33:39.245 --> 01:33:41.314
If we both speak,
they listen to me.
01:33:41.347 --> 01:33:43.416
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.
01:33:43.449 --> 01:33:45.418
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.
01:33:45.451 --> 01:33:47.253
They'll listen to a prophet.
01:33:47.286 --> 01:33:50.556
A prophet can't be wrong.
Not once.
01:33:50.590 --> 01:33:52.358
Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer
01:33:52.392 --> 01:33:54.293
of sabotaging the development
of the Super?
01:33:54.327 --> 01:33:55.928
I was never one of those
01:33:55.962 --> 01:33:59.232
to bandy around terms
like "sabotage."
01:33:59.265 --> 01:34:01.234
But Mr. Borden was?
01:34:01.267 --> 01:34:02.535
As I understand it, possibly.
01:34:02.568 --> 01:34:04.671
How was Mr. Borden able
to put together
01:34:04.704 --> 01:34:05.972
such a detailed indictment?
01:34:06.005 --> 01:34:07.540
He was no longer
a government employee,
01:34:07.573 --> 01:34:10.209
yet he appears to have
had unlimited access
01:34:10.243 --> 01:34:11.744
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
01:34:11.778 --> 01:34:14.681
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
01:34:14.714 --> 01:34:16.616
Or someone else, at the AEC?
01:34:16.649 --> 01:34:19.485
That's a very serious
accusation, Senator.
01:34:19.519 --> 01:34:21.988
Is it your intention to
suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer
01:34:22.021 --> 01:34:23.956
is disloyal
to the United States?
01:34:23.990 --> 01:34:26.526
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
01:34:26.559 --> 01:34:29.262
that he's loyal
to the United States.
01:34:29.295 --> 01:34:30.730
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
01:34:30.763 --> 01:34:33.566
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
01:34:33.599 --> 01:34:35.368
Do you or do you not believe
01:34:35.401 --> 01:34:37.770
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
01:34:45.978 --> 01:34:47.613
And if I may,
01:34:47.647 --> 01:34:50.450
when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
01:34:50.483 --> 01:34:52.018
it's my humble opinion
that there is no need
01:34:52.052 --> 01:34:53.519
for that bomb
to be seen anywhere
01:34:53.553 --> 01:34:55.321
except for that test site.
01:34:55.354 --> 01:34:57.356
But we at least
have to take a moment
01:34:57.390 --> 01:34:59.392
to think about whether the means
01:34:59.425 --> 01:35:01.694
justify the ends
any longer, because...
01:35:04.030 --> 01:35:06.599
Germany is about to surrender.
01:35:08.501 --> 01:35:11.838
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat
01:35:11.871 --> 01:35:13.673
to mankind, it's our work.
01:35:16.076 --> 01:35:18.811
Hitler's dead, it's true.
01:35:20.513 --> 01:35:22.049
But the Japanese fight on.
01:35:22.082 --> 01:35:23.750
Their defeat seems assured.
01:35:23.783 --> 01:35:26.786
Not if you're a G.I.
preparing to invade.
01:35:28.088 --> 01:35:29.388
We can end this war.
01:35:29.422 --> 01:35:30.823
But how do we justify
01:35:30.857 --> 01:35:32.425
using this weapon
on human beings?
01:35:35.461 --> 01:35:38.865
We're theorists, yes?
01:35:38.898 --> 01:35:40.500
Yes. Yep.
01:35:40.533 --> 01:35:44.570
We imagine a future
and our imaginings horrify us.
01:35:45.638 --> 01:35:47.774
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
01:35:47.807 --> 01:35:50.710
and they won't understand it
until they've used it.
01:35:50.743 --> 01:35:51.911
When the world learns
01:35:51.944 --> 01:35:54.447
the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
01:35:54.480 --> 01:35:57.917
our work here will ensure
a peace mankind has never seen.
01:35:57.950 --> 01:36:01.320
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
01:36:01.354 --> 01:36:03.389
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
01:36:08.494 --> 01:36:09.729
Progress?
01:36:09.762 --> 01:36:12.532
Two years and
a billion dollars' worth?
01:36:12.565 --> 01:36:14.333
Well, hard to put a price on it.
01:36:14.367 --> 01:36:15.935
Not really,
just add up the bills.
01:36:15.968 --> 01:36:17.670
"Rural free deliveries."
01:36:17.703 --> 01:36:20.473
Eighty babies delivered
the first year.
01:36:20.506 --> 01:36:22.842
This year,
we've had ten a month.
01:36:22.875 --> 01:36:25.611
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
01:36:26.479 --> 01:36:28.815
-Clearly.
-General.
01:36:33.786 --> 01:36:35.122
Head down, everyone.
01:36:35.155 --> 01:36:37.323
Fuchs, head down.
01:36:39.826 --> 01:36:40.993
Hmm?
01:36:43.863 --> 01:36:45.598
That's the one.
01:36:45.631 --> 01:36:48.534
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
01:36:50.837 --> 01:36:52.672
September.
01:36:52.705 --> 01:36:53.706
July.
01:36:53.739 --> 01:36:55.675
That's the sweet spot,
gentlemen.
01:36:55.708 --> 01:36:57.877
August.
01:36:57.910 --> 01:36:59.645
July.
01:36:59.679 --> 01:37:01.480
Test in July.
01:37:01.514 --> 01:37:03.150
But I need my brother.
01:37:07.520 --> 01:37:09.455
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
01:37:09.488 --> 01:37:11.924
he's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
01:37:18.898 --> 01:37:20.733
What do we call the test?
01:37:21.834 --> 01:37:25.605
"Batter my heart,
three-person'd god."
01:37:25.638 --> 01:37:26.739
What?
01:37:28.108 --> 01:37:29.508
Trinity.
01:37:37.184 --> 01:37:38.551
You insisted
01:37:38.584 --> 01:37:39.886
on bringing on
your brother Frank,
01:37:39.919 --> 01:37:41.520
-a known Communist.
-A former Communist.
01:37:41.554 --> 01:37:43.990
You brought a known
former Communist
01:37:44.023 --> 01:37:47.894
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
01:37:47.927 --> 01:37:51.030
I knew my brother
could be trusted. Absolutely.
01:37:51.064 --> 01:37:53.033
And you felt
your judgment was sound
01:37:53.066 --> 01:37:54.901
on who on the team
could be trusted?
01:37:55.902 --> 01:37:57.037
Fuchs, head down.
01:37:57.070 --> 01:37:58.804
Okay, everybody ready?
01:38:00.173 --> 01:38:02.109
Hmm?
01:38:02.142 --> 01:38:03.910
Oh.
01:38:07.047 --> 01:38:08.181
Oh.
01:38:08.215 --> 01:38:09.949
Well, I hope
you learned something.
01:38:09.982 --> 01:38:11.884
Yeah, we learned we're gonna
need to be a lot further away.
01:38:11.918 --> 01:38:13.486
Well, figure it out. Fast.
01:38:13.519 --> 01:38:15.188
We leave for Washington
in the morning.
01:38:15.222 --> 01:38:17.423
We're gonna give them a date.
01:38:31.570 --> 01:38:33.240
You're a long way
from Chicago, Leo.
01:38:33.273 --> 01:38:34.774
If we don't act now,
01:38:34.807 --> 01:38:36.509
they're going to use
this thing against Japan.
01:38:36.542 --> 01:38:38.511
We booked a meeting with Truman,
01:38:38.544 --> 01:38:39.812
but somebody killed it.
01:38:39.845 --> 01:38:41.714
You're meeting
the Secretary of War.
01:38:41.747 --> 01:38:43.916
Just because we're building it,
01:38:43.950 --> 01:38:45.952
doesn't mean we get to decide
how it's used.
01:38:45.985 --> 01:38:48.754
History will judge us, Robert.
01:38:48.788 --> 01:38:52.092
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.
01:38:52.125 --> 01:38:54.061
I'm not...
I'm not getting into that.
01:38:59.132 --> 01:39:01.068
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relay them.
01:39:01.101 --> 01:39:02.202
My concerns?
01:39:02.235 --> 01:39:04.204
Germany's defeated.
01:39:04.237 --> 01:39:06.005
Japan's not going
to hold out alone.
01:39:06.039 --> 01:39:07.940
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
01:39:07.974 --> 01:39:09.742
You and Einstein
with your letter to Roosevelt
01:39:09.775 --> 01:39:12.578
-saying we could build a bomb.
-Against Germany.
01:39:12.611 --> 01:39:15.548
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
01:39:15.581 --> 01:39:16.716
Oppie, you have to help.
01:39:16.749 --> 01:39:18.051
Fermi's in the meeting.
01:39:18.085 --> 01:39:19.652
-Lawrence is in the meeting.
-They're not you.
01:39:19.685 --> 01:39:21.854
You're the great salesman
of science.
01:39:21.887 --> 01:39:24.490
You can convince
anyone of anything.
01:39:25.192 --> 01:39:26.592
Even yourself.
01:39:27.194 --> 01:39:28.594
'Scuse me.
01:39:29.628 --> 01:39:32.898
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people.
01:39:32.932 --> 01:39:34.734
Mostly civilians.
01:39:34.767 --> 01:39:37.304
I worry about an America
where we do these things
01:39:37.337 --> 01:39:39.072
and no one protests.
01:39:39.106 --> 01:39:42.142
Pearl Harbor and three years of
brutal conflict in the Pacific
01:39:42.175 --> 01:39:44.710
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
01:39:44.744 --> 01:39:46.779
Enough to unleash
the atomic bomb?
01:39:46.812 --> 01:39:48.681
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause
01:39:48.714 --> 01:39:50.616
as much damage
as the Tokyo bombings.
01:39:50.649 --> 01:39:52.018
What are we estimating?
01:39:52.052 --> 01:39:54.887
In a medium-size city, uh,
01:39:54.920 --> 01:39:56.323
20 or 30,000 dead.
01:39:56.356 --> 01:39:58.158
Yes, but, uh,
01:39:58.191 --> 01:40:01.228
don't underestimate
the psychological impact of a...
01:40:01.261 --> 01:40:02.661
of an atomic explosion.
01:40:02.695 --> 01:40:06.932
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.
01:40:06.966 --> 01:40:10.303
Deadly neutron effects
for a mile, in all directions,
01:40:10.337 --> 01:40:13.240
from one single device.
01:40:13.273 --> 01:40:15.608
Dropped from
a barely noticed B-29,
01:40:15.641 --> 01:40:17.910
the atomic bomb will be
01:40:17.943 --> 01:40:20.780
a terrible revelation
of divine power.
01:40:20.813 --> 01:40:24.084
If that's true,
it would be definitive.
01:40:24.117 --> 01:40:26.186
World War II would be over.
01:40:26.219 --> 01:40:27.920
Our boys would come home.
01:40:27.953 --> 01:40:29.089
Military targets?
01:40:30.223 --> 01:40:32.892
Uh, there aren't any big enough.
01:40:32.925 --> 01:40:38.697
Perhaps a vital war plant
with workers housed nearby.
01:40:38.731 --> 01:40:41.068
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
01:40:41.101 --> 01:40:43.270
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
01:40:43.303 --> 01:40:44.904
and I'd be up in that plane.
01:40:44.937 --> 01:40:48.141
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
01:40:48.175 --> 01:40:50.876
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
01:40:50.910 --> 01:40:54.013
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan
01:40:54.047 --> 01:40:55.748
to provoke surrender?
01:40:55.781 --> 01:40:58.851
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms.
01:40:58.884 --> 01:40:59.585
Twice.
01:40:59.618 --> 01:41:01.687
Once to show the weapon's power
01:41:01.720 --> 01:41:04.224
and a second to show
that we can keep doing this
01:41:04.257 --> 01:41:05.758
until they surrender.
01:41:05.791 --> 01:41:09.162
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from...
01:41:09.196 --> 01:41:11.098
Sorry, 11.
01:41:11.131 --> 01:41:12.832
I've taken Kyoto off the list
01:41:12.865 --> 01:41:16.669
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
01:41:16.702 --> 01:41:19.339
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.
01:41:19.372 --> 01:41:20.873
It's a magnificent city.
01:41:24.444 --> 01:41:26.146
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
01:41:26.179 --> 01:41:28.681
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
01:41:28.714 --> 01:41:31.151
the Japanese people
will not surrender
01:41:31.184 --> 01:41:32.952
under any circumstances
01:41:32.985 --> 01:41:36.389
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
01:41:36.423 --> 01:41:39.392
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
01:41:39.426 --> 01:41:41.660
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities
01:41:41.694 --> 01:41:43.662
will save lives.
01:41:43.696 --> 01:41:45.998
If we retain moral advantage.
01:41:46.032 --> 01:41:48.168
-How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
01:41:48.201 --> 01:41:51.138
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat.
01:41:51.171 --> 01:41:52.339
And we'll be in an arms race.
01:41:52.372 --> 01:41:54.441
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
01:41:54.474 --> 01:41:56.042
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets
01:41:56.076 --> 01:41:58.445
from becoming part
of the atomic world.
01:41:58.478 --> 01:42:00.779
We've been told
they have no uranium.
01:42:00.813 --> 01:42:02.014
You've been misinformed.
01:42:02.048 --> 01:42:03.883
A Russian bomb
is a matter of time.
01:42:03.916 --> 01:42:07.320
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
01:42:07.354 --> 01:42:09.955
Uh, Secretary Stimson,
if I may...
01:42:09.989 --> 01:42:13.993
Not all scientists
on the project are in agreement.
01:42:14.026 --> 01:42:16.896
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
01:42:16.929 --> 01:42:18.831
-If you talk a scientist in...
-The Manhattan Project
01:42:18.864 --> 01:42:20.233
has been plagued from the start
01:42:20.267 --> 01:42:24.070
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
01:42:24.104 --> 01:42:25.172
and uncertain loyalty.
01:42:25.205 --> 01:42:27.440
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.
01:42:27.474 --> 01:42:29.309
Now, we need these men,
01:42:29.342 --> 01:42:30.876
but as soon as it's practical,
01:42:30.910 --> 01:42:33.180
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
01:42:33.213 --> 01:42:34.780
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
01:42:35.915 --> 01:42:37.750
If a Russian bomb
is inevitable,
01:42:37.783 --> 01:42:41.054
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity.
01:42:41.087 --> 01:42:43.390
President Truman
has no intention
01:42:43.423 --> 01:42:44.990
of raising expectations
01:42:45.024 --> 01:42:47.826
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
01:42:47.860 --> 01:42:49.229
Informing him
of our breakthrough
01:42:49.262 --> 01:42:50.863
and presenting it as a means
to win the war
01:42:50.896 --> 01:42:53.799
need not make
unkeepable promises.
01:42:53.832 --> 01:42:55.368
But the Potsdam
peace conference in July
01:42:55.402 --> 01:42:57.304
will be President Truman's
last chance
01:42:57.337 --> 01:42:59.472
to have that conversation.
01:42:59.506 --> 01:43:01.408
Can you give us
a working bomb by then?
01:43:02.375 --> 01:43:06.112
Absolutely. We will test fire
before the conference.
01:43:10.849 --> 01:43:13.386
Ground zero observation posts
01:43:13.420 --> 01:43:14.887
at 10,000 yards
01:43:14.920 --> 01:43:17.090
north, south and west.
01:43:17.123 --> 01:43:20.427
-Where do we trigger from?
-Uh, south 10,000.
01:43:20.460 --> 01:43:23.796
And base camp
is ten miles south, here.
01:43:23.829 --> 01:43:26.765
And there's a further
observation post
01:43:26.799 --> 01:43:28.968
on-on that hill 20 miles away.
01:43:29.001 --> 01:43:31.971
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
01:43:32.004 --> 01:43:35.508
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
01:43:35.542 --> 01:43:37.977
What B-29?
Our bomb's on the tower.
01:43:38.010 --> 01:43:39.379
They want to use the test
01:43:39.412 --> 01:43:41.248
to confirm a safe
operating distance.
01:43:41.281 --> 01:43:42.515
That's risky.
01:43:42.549 --> 01:43:44.184
Not as risky as dropping one
over Japan
01:43:44.217 --> 01:43:45.985
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.
01:43:46.018 --> 01:43:48.121
Don't let them slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
01:43:48.154 --> 01:43:51.391
-The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
01:43:51.424 --> 01:43:53.759
The 15th.
01:43:54.860 --> 01:43:56.795
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
01:43:56.829 --> 01:43:59.032
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
01:43:59.065 --> 01:44:01.568
You'll all be assigned
to Base Camp,
01:44:01.601 --> 01:44:04.803
West Observation
or Far Observation.
01:44:14.447 --> 01:44:16.349
Whoa, whoa.
Careful with the knife.
01:44:16.383 --> 01:44:18.817
There, carefully.
01:44:19.918 --> 01:44:21.454
Are those safe distances?
01:44:21.488 --> 01:44:23.989
They're based
on your calculations.
01:44:24.023 --> 01:44:26.925
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
01:44:50.350 --> 01:44:51.817
Yeah.
01:44:56.489 --> 01:44:58.325
What 'bout the radiation cloud?
01:44:58.358 --> 01:44:59.592
Without high winds,
01:44:59.626 --> 01:45:01.194
it should settle
within two to three miles.
01:45:01.227 --> 01:45:03.630
Evacuation measures
are in place.
01:45:03.663 --> 01:45:05.465
But we need good weather
for visibility,
01:45:05.498 --> 01:45:06.965
so it has to be fine.
01:45:08.068 --> 01:45:09.336
Everybody out.
01:45:19.512 --> 01:45:20.647
We go on the night of the 15th.
01:45:20.680 --> 01:45:22.615
It's a hard deadline,
01:45:22.649 --> 01:45:25.951
so if anyone has anything,
speak now.
01:45:26.653 --> 01:45:27.986
Okay, stop, stop.
01:45:28.020 --> 01:45:29.888
Everybody, mattresses.
01:45:29.922 --> 01:45:31.990
Put the mattress underneath.
01:45:48.974 --> 01:45:51.877
Could use
a final implosion test.
01:45:52.579 --> 01:45:54.547
It couldn't hurt.
01:45:54.581 --> 01:45:56.082
Do it.
01:45:57.050 --> 01:45:59.352
Is there anything else
that might stop us?
01:46:33.453 --> 01:46:36.356
It's happening, isn't it?
01:46:37.457 --> 01:46:39.225
I'll send a message.
01:46:40.093 --> 01:46:42.729
If it's gone our way,
01:46:42.762 --> 01:46:44.330
take in the sheets.
01:46:48.368 --> 01:46:49.402
Robert?
01:46:52.071 --> 01:46:53.506
Break a leg.
01:48:00.073 --> 01:48:03.209
Oppie's taken a very modest
three kilotons.
01:48:03.243 --> 01:48:05.612
-Teller's in with 45.
-20.
01:48:05.645 --> 01:48:08.081
Twenty thousand tons of TNT,
01:48:08.114 --> 01:48:09.516
and does anyone want
the side action
01:48:09.549 --> 01:48:12.285
on atmospheric ignition?
01:48:13.253 --> 01:48:16.189
Are you saying
we'll have to delay?
01:48:16.222 --> 01:48:17.390
I'm saying it would be prudent.
01:48:17.423 --> 01:48:18.658
This weather,
has it reached the site?
01:48:24.497 --> 01:48:26.466
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
01:48:26.499 --> 01:48:28.134
Hello, Hans.
01:48:28.167 --> 01:48:29.569
Yes, he's here.
01:48:30.403 --> 01:48:31.738
Yes.
01:48:34.307 --> 01:48:35.508
-Is he wrong?
-No.
01:48:35.542 --> 01:48:37.443
-No?
-No.
01:48:38.278 --> 01:48:39.846
So we're about to fire a dud?
01:48:39.879 --> 01:48:41.347
-No.
-Explain.
01:48:41.381 --> 01:48:44.150
Well, I can't. I just...
I-I just know.
01:48:44.183 --> 01:48:45.852
I know the implosion lenses
will work.
01:48:45.885 --> 01:48:47.287
If we fire these detonators
01:48:47.320 --> 01:48:48.555
and they don't
trigger a reaction,
01:48:48.588 --> 01:48:50.256
two years' worth of plutonium
01:48:50.290 --> 01:48:51.691
will be scattered
across White Sands.
01:48:51.724 --> 01:48:55.628
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
01:48:55.662 --> 01:48:57.664
Jesus.
01:49:02.735 --> 01:49:05.872
The wind's picking
up at zero, not the rain.
01:49:05.905 --> 01:49:07.340
Lightning's circling.
01:49:07.373 --> 01:49:08.808
You think it might be time
to tell your men
01:49:08.841 --> 01:49:11.744
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
01:49:14.881 --> 01:49:16.849
Let's get to South Observation.
01:49:16.883 --> 01:49:18.351
Pull 'em out.
01:49:18.384 --> 01:49:19.786
We can make
our determination there.
01:49:25.191 --> 01:49:27.193
The team hasn't slept
in two nights.
01:49:27.226 --> 01:49:29.228
If we stand down,
make the bomb safe,
01:49:29.262 --> 01:49:30.597
we won't be back here for weeks.
01:49:30.630 --> 01:49:32.298
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
01:49:32.332 --> 01:49:34.233
I gotta get word
to Truman by 7:00.
01:49:34.267 --> 01:49:35.501
Our window's closing.
01:49:35.535 --> 01:49:36.603
What is this doing?
01:49:36.636 --> 01:49:38.137
Raining, blowing, lightning.
01:49:38.171 --> 01:49:40.206
-For how long, damn it?
-It's holdin' strong.
01:49:40.239 --> 01:49:41.541
It'll break before dawn.
01:49:41.574 --> 01:49:43.242
-How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
01:49:43.276 --> 01:49:44.377
Storm cools overnight.
01:49:44.410 --> 01:49:46.212
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.
01:49:46.245 --> 01:49:48.448
He could be right, but schedule
as late as possible.
01:49:48.481 --> 01:49:50.216
5:30!
01:49:50.249 --> 01:49:51.284
Sign your forecast.
01:49:51.317 --> 01:49:52.385
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
01:49:52.418 --> 01:49:54.220
Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
01:49:54.253 --> 01:49:56.389
-5:30, 5:30.
-5:30.
01:49:58.591 --> 01:50:03.529
Three years,
4,000 people, $2 billion.
01:50:03.563 --> 01:50:05.932
Well, if it doesn't go off...
01:50:05.965 --> 01:50:07.567
we're both finished.
01:50:10.336 --> 01:50:12.305
I'm betting on three kilotons.
01:50:13.272 --> 01:50:14.707
Anything less,
they won't get what it is.
01:50:14.741 --> 01:50:19.312
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?
01:50:19.345 --> 01:50:20.813
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like
01:50:20.847 --> 01:50:24.684
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.
01:50:25.918 --> 01:50:27.954
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
01:50:27.987 --> 01:50:29.956
Why is Fermi
still taking side bets on it?
01:50:29.989 --> 01:50:33.159
Call it gallows humor.
01:50:35.495 --> 01:50:38.297
Wait, are we saying
there's a chance
01:50:38.331 --> 01:50:40.199
that when we push that button,
01:50:40.233 --> 01:50:41.567
we destroy the world?
01:50:41.601 --> 01:50:43.770
Nothing in our research
over three years
01:50:43.803 --> 01:50:45.438
supports that conclusion.
01:50:45.471 --> 01:50:48.441
Except as the most
remote possibility.
01:50:48.474 --> 01:50:49.809
How remote?
01:50:49.842 --> 01:50:51.444
Chances are near zero.
01:50:52.779 --> 01:50:54.180
Near zero?
01:50:54.947 --> 01:50:57.517
What do you want
from theory alone?
01:50:59.018 --> 01:51:01.387
Zero would be nice.
01:51:04.691 --> 01:51:06.325
In exactly
01:51:06.359 --> 01:51:09.662
one hour, 58 minutes,
01:51:09.696 --> 01:51:11.230
we'll know.
01:51:17.270 --> 01:51:18.471
It's letting up.
01:51:31.350 --> 01:51:33.720
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
01:51:33.753 --> 01:51:34.721
Throwing the switches.
01:51:34.754 --> 01:51:35.855
Turn the cars.
01:51:35.888 --> 01:51:38.357
Ready for emergency evacuation.
01:51:56.043 --> 01:51:57.276
...welder's glass.
01:51:57.310 --> 01:51:58.878
Everybody take your places.
01:51:58.911 --> 01:52:01.414
Everybody take a welder's glass.
01:52:02.915 --> 01:52:04.784
Everybody take a welder's glass.
01:52:56.002 --> 01:52:57.403
Twenty minutes.
01:53:00.907 --> 01:53:02.742
Twenty minutes.
01:53:13.920 --> 01:53:15.454
That's 20.
01:53:18.457 --> 01:53:19.926
On the leg, please.
01:53:21.460 --> 01:53:23.963
-Feynman.
-No.
01:53:23.996 --> 01:53:25.965
The glass. Stops the U.V.
01:53:25.998 --> 01:53:27.800
And what stops the glass?
01:53:28.801 --> 01:53:31.771
I'm gonna head to base camp.
Best of luck.
01:53:32.905 --> 01:53:34.440
Robert.
01:53:35.042 --> 01:53:36.876
Try not to blow up the world.
01:53:48.754 --> 01:53:49.856
Watch that needle.
01:53:49.889 --> 01:53:51.457
If the detonators don't charge
01:53:51.490 --> 01:53:53.426
or the voltage drops
below one volt,
01:53:53.459 --> 01:53:55.461
you hit that button, you abort.
01:53:55.494 --> 01:53:57.797
-Understood?
-Understood.
01:54:05.205 --> 01:54:07.740
Two minutes to detonation.
01:54:07.773 --> 01:54:09.742
Everybody down.
01:54:09.775 --> 01:54:10.743
Do not turn around
01:54:10.776 --> 01:54:13.846
until you see light
reflected on the hills.
01:54:13.880 --> 01:54:15.014
Then look at the explosion
01:54:15.048 --> 01:54:16.682
only through
your welder's glass.
01:54:16.716 --> 01:54:19.418
Ninety seconds to detonation.
01:54:21.054 --> 01:54:23.890
Ninety seconds to detonation.
01:54:23.923 --> 01:54:26.025
Is it rubbed in?
01:54:26.059 --> 01:54:27.426
Yeah.
01:54:33.766 --> 01:54:36.869
Sixty seconds to detonation.
01:54:51.550 --> 01:54:53.786
These things are hard
on your heart.
01:54:53.819 --> 01:54:55.521
Thirty seconds.
01:55:00.626 --> 01:55:02.028
Detonators charged.
01:55:12.172 --> 01:55:15.641
Seventeen, sixteen,
01:55:15.675 --> 01:55:16.842
fifteen,
01:55:16.876 --> 01:55:18.045
fourteen,
01:55:18.078 --> 01:55:19.879
thirteen,
01:55:19.912 --> 01:55:22.082
twelve,
01:55:22.115 --> 01:55:23.783
eleven,
01:55:23.816 --> 01:55:25.785
ten,
01:55:25.818 --> 01:55:28.221
nine,
01:55:28.255 --> 01:55:30.223
eight,
01:55:30.257 --> 01:55:32.825
seven,
01:55:32.858 --> 01:55:35.228
six...
01:55:35.262 --> 01:55:36.729
...five...
01:55:38.731 --> 01:55:41.201
...four...
01:55:41.234 --> 01:55:43.170
three...
01:55:43.203 --> 01:55:44.737
two...
01:55:46.039 --> 01:55:47.107
...one.
01:56:08.627 --> 01:56:10.563
Poof.
01:57:19.366 --> 01:57:22.735
"And now I am become Death.
01:57:24.637 --> 01:57:26.806
The destroyer of worlds."
01:57:59.805 --> 01:58:01.174
It worked.
01:58:36.409 --> 01:58:38.411
-You owe me ten dollars!
-Oh!
01:58:40.746 --> 01:58:41.881
-Come on!
-Hang on.
01:58:41.914 --> 01:58:43.350
I'm good for it, Kisty.
01:58:43.383 --> 01:58:45.684
You are.
01:58:45.718 --> 01:58:48.421
Yes, you are!
01:59:12.512 --> 01:59:14.047
Well done.
01:59:15.748 --> 01:59:18.285
We did it! We did it!
01:59:18.318 --> 01:59:20.220
Well done.
01:59:25.024 --> 01:59:26.859
-Get me Potsdam right away.
-Yes, sir.
01:59:38.338 --> 01:59:40.106
Get a message to Kitty.
01:59:40.140 --> 01:59:40.839
We can't say anything.
01:59:40.873 --> 01:59:42.808
Tell her to take in the sheets.
01:59:50.816 --> 01:59:52.352
We did it, everyone!
01:59:57.224 --> 01:59:59.024
Hello?
01:59:59.059 --> 02:00:01.494
-Hi, Kitty?
-What, what? Charlotte...
02:00:01.528 --> 02:00:02.895
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
02:00:02.928 --> 02:00:04.297
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
02:00:04.331 --> 02:00:07.534
he just said to tell you
to "bring in the sheets."
02:00:10.237 --> 02:00:11.804
Kitty?
02:00:12.905 --> 02:00:15.342
Kitty?
Kitty, are you still there?
02:00:22.249 --> 02:00:24.384
If they detonate it
too high in the air,
02:00:24.417 --> 02:00:25.784
the blast won't be as powerful.
02:00:25.818 --> 02:00:27.853
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
02:00:27.886 --> 02:00:29.922
we'll take it from here.
02:00:40.166 --> 02:00:43.069
Did Truman brief Stalin
at Potsdam?
02:00:43.103 --> 02:00:45.838
A brief would be
an overstatement.
02:00:45.871 --> 02:00:49.942
He referred
to a powerful new weapon.
02:00:49.975 --> 02:00:55.048
Stalin hoped we'd use it
against Japan.
02:00:56.283 --> 02:00:58.017
That's it?
02:00:58.051 --> 02:01:01.288
Robert, we've given them an ace,
it's for them to play the hand.
02:01:03.423 --> 02:01:05.525
You're aiming for the 6th?
02:01:05.558 --> 02:01:07.860
It's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
02:01:09.195 --> 02:01:11.264
Shall I come with you
to Washington?
02:01:12.865 --> 02:01:14.100
What for?
02:01:16.369 --> 02:01:17.970
Well, you'll keep me informed.
02:01:19.306 --> 02:01:20.939
Of course.
02:01:22.509 --> 02:01:24.110
As best I can.
02:01:41.528 --> 02:01:44.397
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
02:01:45.632 --> 02:01:47.233
I don't know.
02:01:49.636 --> 02:01:51.638
Have you seen
Szilard's petition?
02:01:51.671 --> 02:01:54.407
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
02:01:54.441 --> 02:01:55.642
You're not signing it, are you?
02:01:55.675 --> 02:01:59.079
Many people have.
A lot of people have.
02:01:59.112 --> 02:02:00.246
Edward.
02:02:01.514 --> 02:02:03.183
The fact that we built this bomb
02:02:03.216 --> 02:02:06.219
does not give us any more...
any more right or responsibility
02:02:06.252 --> 02:02:08.355
to decide how it's used
than anyone else.
02:02:08.388 --> 02:02:10.390
But we're the only people
who know about it.
02:02:10.423 --> 02:02:13.992
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
02:02:14.026 --> 02:02:15.428
But what's your opinion?
02:02:16.663 --> 02:02:18.198
Once it's used...
02:02:19.299 --> 02:02:23.001
...nuclear war,
perhaps all war...
02:02:24.604 --> 02:02:26.039
...becomes unthinkable.
02:02:26.072 --> 02:02:29.075
Until somebody
builds a bigger bomb.
02:02:49.662 --> 02:02:51.398
I thought they would call.
02:02:51.431 --> 02:02:52.998
It's only the 5th.
02:02:55.168 --> 02:02:57.170
In Japan, it's the 6th.
02:03:10.316 --> 02:03:11.317
Charlotte.
02:03:13.653 --> 02:03:15.355
Try Groves.
02:03:16.356 --> 02:03:17.424
Anything?
02:03:19.726 --> 02:03:21.094
Charlotte?
02:03:21.127 --> 02:03:22.429
Truman's on the radio.
02:03:23.363 --> 02:03:26.266
Sixteen hours ago,
02:03:26.299 --> 02:03:32.205
an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...
02:03:33.239 --> 02:03:36.376
...and destroyed its usefulness
to the enemy.
02:03:38.344 --> 02:03:44.217
The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
02:03:45.685 --> 02:03:48.154
It is an atomic bomb.
02:03:51.357 --> 02:03:52.725
It is a harnessing
02:03:52.759 --> 02:03:55.528
of the basic powers
of the universe.
02:03:57.564 --> 02:03:59.199
Groves on one.
02:03:59.232 --> 02:04:02.268
We are now prepared
to destroy more rapidly
02:04:02.302 --> 02:04:04.604
and completely the Japanese...
02:04:04.637 --> 02:04:06.306
General?
02:04:06.339 --> 02:04:09.375
I'm very proud of you
and all of your people.
02:04:09.409 --> 02:04:10.743
It went all right?
02:04:10.777 --> 02:04:13.746
Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.
02:04:13.780 --> 02:04:15.415
Well,
02:04:15.448 --> 02:04:18.384
everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
02:04:19.819 --> 02:04:21.454
It's been a long road.
02:04:21.488 --> 02:04:24.290
I think one of
the wisest things I ever did
02:04:24.324 --> 02:04:27.360
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
02:04:29.729 --> 02:04:32.065
We have spent
02:04:32.098 --> 02:04:34.100
more than $2 billion
02:04:34.133 --> 02:04:38.371
on the greatest
scientific gamble in history,
02:04:38.404 --> 02:04:41.241
and we have won.
02:04:44.777 --> 02:04:47.480
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:04:47.514 --> 02:04:49.516
Oppie! Oppie!
02:04:49.549 --> 02:04:52.752
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:04:52.785 --> 02:04:54.621
Oppie! Oppie!
02:04:54.654 --> 02:04:57.423
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:04:57.457 --> 02:05:00.793
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:05:00.827 --> 02:05:05.431
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:05:05.465 --> 02:05:06.799
Oppie! Oppie!
02:05:06.833 --> 02:05:09.402
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
02:06:08.494 --> 02:06:09.596
The world...
02:06:11.598 --> 02:06:12.732
...will remember this day.
02:06:31.651 --> 02:06:33.386
It's too soon to...
02:06:34.253 --> 02:06:35.922
It's too soon to determine
02:06:35.955 --> 02:06:38.324
what the results
of the bombing are.
02:06:41.260 --> 02:06:42.862
But I'll bet the Japanese
didn't like it.
02:07:03.750 --> 02:07:05.284
I'm so proud.
02:07:06.419 --> 02:07:08.554
So proud of what
you have accomplished.
02:07:14.861 --> 02:07:18.698
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
02:09:08.541 --> 02:09:10.409
Dr. Oppenheimer?
02:09:11.010 --> 02:09:13.312
Dr. Oppenheimer?
02:09:13.346 --> 02:09:15.014
-Nice picture.
-Oh.
02:09:15.048 --> 02:09:17.383
President Truman
will see you now.
02:09:31.098 --> 02:09:33.933
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
02:09:33.966 --> 02:09:35.902
-Mr. President.
-Please.
02:09:35.935 --> 02:09:37.737
Thank you.
02:09:37.770 --> 02:09:39.305
Secretary Byrnes.
02:09:40.506 --> 02:09:42.508
How's it feel to be
02:09:42.542 --> 02:09:44.577
the most famous man
in the world?
02:09:45.578 --> 02:09:48.648
You helped save a lot
of American lives.
02:09:48.681 --> 02:09:51.051
What we did
at Hiroshima was a...
02:09:51.084 --> 02:09:53.019
And Nagasaki.
02:09:53.053 --> 02:09:55.055
Well, obviously.
02:09:55.088 --> 02:09:59.025
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
02:09:59.059 --> 02:10:02.428
Well, it was hardly
my invention.
02:10:02.461 --> 02:10:04.730
It was you on the cover of Time.
02:10:07.600 --> 02:10:09.136
Jim tells me you're concerned
02:10:09.169 --> 02:10:10.937
about an arms race
with the Soviets.
02:10:10.970 --> 02:10:13.339
Uh, yes, uh...
02:10:14.041 --> 02:10:15.541
Well, um,
02:10:15.575 --> 02:10:20.680
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure
02:10:20.713 --> 02:10:23.583
international cooperation on
atomic energy,
02:10:23.616 --> 02:10:26.652
and... and I'm concerned...
02:10:26.686 --> 02:10:28.921
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
02:10:28.955 --> 02:10:30.890
I don't think I could give a...
02:10:30.923 --> 02:10:32.326
Never.
02:10:32.959 --> 02:10:34.594
Never.
02:10:34.627 --> 02:10:37.797
Mr. President, the-the Russians
have good physicists
02:10:37.830 --> 02:10:39.465
and-and...
and abundant resources.
02:10:39.498 --> 02:10:41.601
-Abundant?
-Yes.
02:10:41.634 --> 02:10:44.904
I don't think so.
02:10:44.937 --> 02:10:48.474
Well, they'll-they'll put
everything they have and...
02:10:51.744 --> 02:10:55.615
I hear you're leaving
Los Alamos.
02:10:56.883 --> 02:10:57.984
What should we do with it?
02:10:58.017 --> 02:11:00.519
Give it back to the Indians.
02:11:07.927 --> 02:11:11.164
Um... Dr. Oppenheimer,
02:11:11.198 --> 02:11:13.532
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
02:11:13.566 --> 02:11:16.969
we have to build up Los Alamos,
02:11:17.003 --> 02:11:18.905
not shut it down.
02:11:22.142 --> 02:11:23.943
Uh, Mr. President...
02:11:25.011 --> 02:11:26.512
Um...
02:11:29.182 --> 02:11:32.852
I feel that I have blood
on my hands.
02:11:52.638 --> 02:11:57.944
You think anyone
in Hiroshima or Nagasaki
02:11:57.977 --> 02:12:01.013
gives a shit who built the bomb?
02:12:04.184 --> 02:12:06.552
They care who dropped it.
02:12:07.254 --> 02:12:09.522
I did.
02:12:10.756 --> 02:12:13.726
Hiroshima isn't about you.
02:12:19.865 --> 02:12:22.001
Dr. Oppenheimer.
02:12:32.945 --> 02:12:35.748
Don't let that crybaby
back in here.
02:12:40.853 --> 02:12:43.889
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
02:12:43.923 --> 02:12:47.260
By the time I'd met him,
he'd fully embraced
02:12:47.294 --> 02:12:49.862
his "father of the bomb"
reputation.
02:12:49.895 --> 02:12:52.299
Used his profile
to influence policy.
02:13:01.774 --> 02:13:03.143
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
02:13:03.176 --> 02:13:05.312
would you say that
you exerted a great influence
02:13:05.345 --> 02:13:07.147
on the atomic policies
of the USA?
02:13:07.180 --> 02:13:09.882
I think great
would be an overstatement.
02:13:09.915 --> 02:13:11.884
Really? If we look
at the issue of isotopes,
02:13:11.917 --> 02:13:13.619
were you not
personally responsible
02:13:13.652 --> 02:13:15.688
for destroying all opposition
to their export?
02:13:15.721 --> 02:13:18.591
Could use a-a bottle of beer...
02:13:18.624 --> 02:13:20.293
...when making atomic weapons.
In fact, you do.
02:13:20.327 --> 02:13:22.795
I was the spokesman,
but the-the opinion
02:13:22.828 --> 02:13:24.630
among scientists was unanimous.
02:13:24.663 --> 02:13:26.333
All along with McCarthy
on the rise,
02:13:26.366 --> 02:13:27.767
he knew he was vulnerable.
02:13:27.800 --> 02:13:29.169
His brother was blacklisted
02:13:29.202 --> 02:13:32.105
by every university
in the country.
02:13:33.206 --> 02:13:36.043
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
02:13:38.644 --> 02:13:40.080
And Chevalier went into exile.
02:13:43.216 --> 02:13:44.650
But none of that
02:13:44.683 --> 02:13:46.652
stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC
02:13:46.685 --> 02:13:49.555
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
02:13:51.358 --> 02:13:52.825
He was devastated
02:13:52.858 --> 02:13:54.927
when Truman rejected
their recommendation.
02:13:56.662 --> 02:13:59.199
I miss Richard
more than I can bear.
02:13:59.232 --> 02:14:01.000
I know, Ruth, I know.
02:14:01.034 --> 02:14:04.137
Part of me's glad he didn't live
to see where this is all going.
02:14:06.906 --> 02:14:08.341
Here comes the birthday boy.
02:14:08.375 --> 02:14:10.976
-To gloat.
-Have fun.
02:14:11.977 --> 02:14:14.347
Robert, uh, my son and his
fiancée are desperate to meet
02:14:14.381 --> 02:14:16.349
the father of the atomic bomb,
and so...
02:14:16.383 --> 02:14:19.186
Well. Good day.
02:14:25.258 --> 02:14:27.360
Is this a bad time?
02:14:27.394 --> 02:14:28.894
What do you think, Lewis?
02:14:28.928 --> 02:14:30.996
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
02:14:31.030 --> 02:14:33.166
For the world.
02:14:33.200 --> 02:14:34.834
The world?
02:14:34.867 --> 02:14:38.838
What does Fuchs mean
to the rest of the world?
02:14:38.871 --> 02:14:40.273
Fuchs?
02:14:40.307 --> 02:14:41.907
Klaus Fuchs?
02:14:43.343 --> 02:14:45.744
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
02:14:48.914 --> 02:14:50.783
Klaus Fuchs, the British
scientist that you put
02:14:50.816 --> 02:14:53.853
onto the implosion team
at Los Alamos,
02:14:53.886 --> 02:14:56.021
turns out he was...
02:14:56.056 --> 02:14:59.326
he was spying for the Soviets
the whole time.
02:14:59.359 --> 02:15:00.893
I'm sorry.
02:15:06.066 --> 02:15:08.968
After the truth
about Fuchs came out,
02:15:09.001 --> 02:15:11.104
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.
02:15:11.138 --> 02:15:15.007
He knew his phone was tapped,
he was followed everywhere...
02:15:16.376 --> 02:15:17.810
...his trash picked through.
02:15:21.814 --> 02:15:23.283
But never stopped
speaking his mind.
02:15:23.316 --> 02:15:25.985
A man of conviction.
02:15:26.018 --> 02:15:28.854
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
02:15:30.357 --> 02:15:33.792
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
02:15:35.195 --> 02:15:36.229
He took it.
02:15:36.263 --> 02:15:38.731
America and Russia
02:15:38.764 --> 02:15:43.036
may be likened
to two scorpions in a bottle,
02:15:43.069 --> 02:15:46.439
each capable
of killing the other
02:15:46.473 --> 02:15:49.176
but only at the risk
of his own life.
02:15:49.209 --> 02:15:51.977
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy...
02:15:52.011 --> 02:15:54.013
Lot of scientists blame me,
02:15:54.047 --> 02:15:57.184
but how was I supposed
to protect him?
02:15:57.217 --> 02:15:59.186
...too secret for discussion,
02:15:59.219 --> 02:16:01.221
candor is the only remedy.
02:16:01.254 --> 02:16:02.788
Officials in Washington
02:16:02.821 --> 02:16:04.324
need to start leveling
with the American people.
02:16:06.025 --> 02:16:08.861
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
02:16:08.894 --> 02:16:10.930
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
02:16:10.963 --> 02:16:13.732
And with it, his credibility.
02:16:13.766 --> 02:16:16.169
But how could they do it?
02:16:16.203 --> 02:16:17.470
He was a war hero.
02:16:17.504 --> 02:16:19.206
He'd already told everyone
about his past.
02:16:19.239 --> 02:16:21.208
Borden dredged it all up.
02:16:21.241 --> 02:16:24.477
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
02:16:24.511 --> 02:16:26.079
Could it have been Nichols?
02:16:26.112 --> 02:16:28.415
No, I can't imagine
he'd do that.
02:16:28.448 --> 02:16:30.483
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm
02:16:30.517 --> 02:16:32.519
that burned a path
from the White House
02:16:32.552 --> 02:16:35.222
back to my desk at the AEC.
02:16:35.255 --> 02:16:37.090
You see them in there, right?
02:16:37.123 --> 02:16:40.993
I've been working
my whole life to get here.
02:16:41.026 --> 02:16:43.063
Cabinet of
the United States of America.
02:16:43.096 --> 02:16:45.030
Now, in front
of the entire country,
02:16:45.065 --> 02:16:47.133
they're gonna put me
back in my place.
02:16:48.568 --> 02:16:51.238
A lowly shoe salesman.
02:16:51.271 --> 02:16:53.106
Lewis, we can win this thing.
02:16:53.139 --> 02:16:55.208
I-I think we can
get the Senate to grasp
02:16:55.242 --> 02:16:58.044
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
02:16:58.078 --> 02:16:59.845
Now, will Hill's testimony
back us up?
02:16:59.878 --> 02:17:01.847
-Hill will be fine.
-I don't really know him,
02:17:01.880 --> 02:17:04.050
but, uh, he was one
of Szilard's boys in Chicago,
02:17:04.084 --> 02:17:06.119
and they never forgave Robert
for not supporting
02:17:06.152 --> 02:17:08.555
their petition
against bombing Japan.
02:17:08.588 --> 02:17:13.792
This was taken 31 days
after the bombing.
02:17:13.826 --> 02:17:16.563
Virtually everyone
in the street,
02:17:16.596 --> 02:17:18.831
for nearly a mile around,
02:17:18.864 --> 02:17:22.068
was instantly
and seriously burned.
02:17:23.303 --> 02:17:27.840
The, uh, Japanese spoke of
people who wore striped clothing
02:17:27.873 --> 02:17:30.843
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.
02:17:31.910 --> 02:17:34.281
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,
02:17:34.314 --> 02:17:37.016
who climbed out of the ruins
of their homes
02:17:37.050 --> 02:17:38.917
only slightly injured.
02:17:40.053 --> 02:17:41.820
But they died anyway.
02:17:42.489 --> 02:17:45.592
They died days or weeks later
02:17:45.625 --> 02:17:48.961
from the radium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
02:17:48.994 --> 02:17:50.896
at the moment of the explosion.
02:17:52.098 --> 02:17:54.167
Did you read this crap
in the papers?
02:17:54.200 --> 02:17:57.002
A British physicist is saying
the atomic bombings
02:17:57.037 --> 02:17:59.205
were not the last act
of World War II
02:17:59.239 --> 02:18:02.375
but the first act
of this cold war with Russia.
02:18:02.409 --> 02:18:03.876
Which physicist?
02:18:03.909 --> 02:18:05.312
I think you knew him.
02:18:05.345 --> 02:18:06.945
Patrick Blackett.
02:18:09.416 --> 02:18:10.983
He may not be wrong.
02:18:11.016 --> 02:18:12.352
Stimson is now telling me
02:18:12.385 --> 02:18:15.622
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.
02:18:15.655 --> 02:18:19.192
Robert,
you've all the influence now.
02:18:19.225 --> 02:18:20.926
Please.
02:18:20.959 --> 02:18:23.063
Urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
02:18:23.096 --> 02:18:24.464
I neither can nor will, Edward.
02:18:24.497 --> 02:18:26.599
Why not?
02:18:26.633 --> 02:18:28.335
It's not the right use
of our resources.
02:18:28.368 --> 02:18:30.470
Is that what you really believe?
02:18:30.503 --> 02:18:32.871
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
02:18:32.905 --> 02:18:35.308
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
02:18:36.609 --> 02:18:38.378
Nobody knows what you believe.
02:18:39.479 --> 02:18:41.348
Do you? Hmm?
02:18:41.381 --> 02:18:44.084
One final time,
our program director,
02:18:44.117 --> 02:18:46.086
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
02:18:47.287 --> 02:18:49.055
I hope that in years to come
02:18:49.089 --> 02:18:53.093
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
02:18:53.126 --> 02:18:55.495
But today, that pride
must be tempered
02:18:55.528 --> 02:18:57.863
with a profound concern.
02:18:59.132 --> 02:19:00.933
If atomic weapons
are to be added
02:19:00.966 --> 02:19:03.370
to the arsenals
of a warring world,
02:19:03.403 --> 02:19:06.972
then the day will come
when people will curse
02:19:07.005 --> 02:19:08.408
the name of Los Alamos.
02:19:12.412 --> 02:19:14.514
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
02:19:14.547 --> 02:19:16.549
Stopped off to get this.
02:19:16.583 --> 02:19:19.386
It seems pretty favorable.
02:19:19.419 --> 02:19:20.520
There's Oppenheimer.
02:19:20.553 --> 02:19:22.122
What's the caption?
02:19:22.155 --> 02:19:24.990
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought..."
02:19:26.559 --> 02:19:28.128
"...and the US won."
02:19:28.961 --> 02:19:30.230
That'll work.
02:19:30.263 --> 02:19:32.499
Those were your words
from the other day.
02:19:32.532 --> 02:19:33.932
We needed to pivot.
02:19:33.966 --> 02:19:35.235
But how would you know
02:19:35.268 --> 02:19:37.070
what Time magazine's
gonna write?
02:19:37.103 --> 02:19:39.339
Henry Luce is a friend.
02:19:45.478 --> 02:19:48.981
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
02:19:49.014 --> 02:19:51.684
but you've been
far ahead all along.
02:19:51.718 --> 02:19:54.687
Survival in Washington
02:19:54.721 --> 02:19:57.056
is about knowing
how to get things done.
02:19:57.690 --> 02:19:59.092
Right.
02:20:00.693 --> 02:20:02.429
What was it you said
about Borden?
02:20:02.462 --> 02:20:05.465
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"
02:20:07.300 --> 02:20:10.303
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
02:20:12.372 --> 02:20:14.607
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
02:20:14.641 --> 02:20:16.709
Borden's been able
to exert on Teller.
02:20:16.743 --> 02:20:19.179
Did I say something funny?
02:20:19.212 --> 02:20:20.580
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
02:20:20.613 --> 02:20:24.384
when we all know
that it's Strauss.
02:20:24.417 --> 02:20:26.386
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
02:20:26.419 --> 02:20:29.122
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.
02:20:29.155 --> 02:20:31.990
But more useful than a sandwich.
02:20:35.161 --> 02:20:36.329
-How'd I do?
-I'll call recess,
02:20:36.362 --> 02:20:37.464
ten minutes.
02:20:37.497 --> 02:20:39.732
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
02:20:39.766 --> 02:20:40.999
That was six years ago.
02:20:41.034 --> 02:20:42.735
You know, the truly vindictive,
02:20:42.769 --> 02:20:44.370
patient as saints.
02:20:44.404 --> 02:20:47.207
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
02:20:47.240 --> 02:20:50.743
Wake up. It is Strauss.
02:20:50.777 --> 02:20:53.713
It's always been Strauss,
and you know it.
02:20:53.746 --> 02:20:55.381
Why won't you fight him?
02:20:56.416 --> 02:20:57.617
Christ's sake.
02:20:58.718 --> 02:21:01.387
It wasn't Nichols or Hoover
02:21:01.421 --> 02:21:03.089
or one of Truman's guys.
It was you.
02:21:03.122 --> 02:21:05.091
You gave the file to Borden.
02:21:05.124 --> 02:21:06.759
You set him on Oppenheimer.
02:21:06.793 --> 02:21:09.229
-You convinced him to...
-Borden...
02:21:09.262 --> 02:21:11.164
didn't take any convincing.
02:21:11.197 --> 02:21:13.299
Take your time,
use the entire file.
02:21:13.333 --> 02:21:16.236
Write up your conclusion,
send them to the FBI.
02:21:16.269 --> 02:21:18.505
The material
is obviously extensive,
02:21:18.538 --> 02:21:21.207
but there's nothing new here.
02:21:21.241 --> 02:21:22.775
Your conclusions will be.
02:21:22.809 --> 02:21:25.111
And they'll have to be answered.
02:21:25.144 --> 02:21:26.613
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
02:21:26.646 --> 02:21:30.250
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
02:21:30.283 --> 02:21:33.152
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
02:21:33.186 --> 02:21:34.787
while you do this with the AEC.
02:21:34.821 --> 02:21:36.656
-A trial.
-No.
02:21:36.689 --> 02:21:40.460
No trial. You can't
give Oppenheimer a platform.
02:21:40.493 --> 02:21:42.262
You can't martyr him.
02:21:42.295 --> 02:21:45.465
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
02:21:45.498 --> 02:21:49.068
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
02:21:49.102 --> 02:21:51.170
Then what?
02:21:52.372 --> 02:21:55.742
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
02:22:02.181 --> 02:22:03.449
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
02:22:03.483 --> 02:22:06.119
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.
02:22:06.152 --> 02:22:09.122
You send your accusations
to the FBI.
02:22:10.757 --> 02:22:14.360
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you're forced to act.
02:22:15.194 --> 02:22:16.496
You write up an indictment
02:22:16.529 --> 02:22:18.164
and tell Oppenheimer
02:22:18.197 --> 02:22:20.867
his security clearance
is not being renewed.
02:22:20.900 --> 02:22:22.435
But offer him
the chance to appeal.
02:22:22.468 --> 02:22:24.804
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
02:22:24.837 --> 02:22:26.339
May I keep this?
02:22:26.372 --> 02:22:27.307
No.
02:22:27.340 --> 02:22:29.576
If you do decide to appeal,
02:22:29.609 --> 02:22:31.144
they'll have to send you a copy.
02:22:31.177 --> 02:22:34.414
When he appeals--
and trust me, he will--
02:22:34.447 --> 02:22:36.849
I appoint a board.
02:22:36.883 --> 02:22:39.352
They will, of course,
have counsel.
02:22:39.385 --> 02:22:41.321
-Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
02:22:41.354 --> 02:22:43.523
-Who?
-Roger Robb.
02:22:43.556 --> 02:22:44.724
Ouch.
02:22:44.757 --> 02:22:46.225
Robb will have
security clearance
02:22:46.259 --> 02:22:47.794
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
02:22:47.827 --> 02:22:49.262
As will the Gray board.
02:22:49.295 --> 02:22:50.663
Defense counsel will not.
02:22:52.498 --> 02:22:53.900
A closed hearing.
02:22:53.933 --> 02:22:55.168
The so-called
derogatory information
02:22:55.201 --> 02:22:57.370
in your indictment of me.
02:22:57.403 --> 02:22:59.872
No audience. No reporters.
02:22:59.906 --> 02:23:03.376
-No burden of proof.
-No burden of proof?
02:23:04.744 --> 02:23:06.245
We're not convicting.
02:23:06.946 --> 02:23:09.549
We're just denying.
02:23:14.520 --> 02:23:17.290
What is it you said?
02:23:17.323 --> 02:23:20.660
"This is just how
the game is played."
02:23:20.693 --> 02:23:23.663
Well, forgive my naivete.
02:23:23.696 --> 02:23:25.665
Amateurs seek the sun.
02:23:26.633 --> 02:23:27.700
Get eaten.
02:23:28.768 --> 02:23:31.604
Power stays in the shadows.
02:23:31.638 --> 02:23:35.341
But, sir, you're...
you're out of the shadows now.
02:23:35.375 --> 02:23:36.809
Yeah, that's why
this has to work.
02:23:36.843 --> 02:23:38.311
Well...
02:23:39.612 --> 02:23:41.748
Teller's testifying
this morning.
02:23:41.781 --> 02:23:44.183
That'll help. And then...
02:23:44.217 --> 02:23:45.652
Hill is in the afternoon.
02:23:45.685 --> 02:23:48.154
Hill is gonna help us too.
02:23:50.390 --> 02:23:53.559
As you can see,
Robert, it's not yet signed.
02:23:53.593 --> 02:23:54.627
May I keep this?
02:23:54.661 --> 02:23:55.695
No.
02:23:57.797 --> 02:23:59.799
If you do decide to appeal,
02:23:59.832 --> 02:24:02.669
then they'll have
to send you a copy.
02:24:06.239 --> 02:24:08.541
Take my car and driver.
I insist.
02:24:13.279 --> 02:24:15.214
I'll have to consult
my lawyers, Lewis.
02:24:15.248 --> 02:24:17.950
Of course.
But don't take too long.
02:24:17.984 --> 02:24:20.186
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
02:24:26.325 --> 02:24:28.628
I'm sorry
it's come to this, Robert.
02:24:28.661 --> 02:24:29.696
I think it's wrong.
02:24:43.009 --> 02:24:44.444
Nichols wants me to fight
02:24:44.477 --> 02:24:46.479
so he can get it
all on the record.
02:24:46.512 --> 02:24:48.381
Strauss wants me to walk away.
02:24:48.414 --> 02:24:51.250
Strauss knows
that you can't do that,
02:24:51.284 --> 02:24:53.720
you'd be accepting the charges.
02:24:53.753 --> 02:24:55.421
You'll lose your job.
02:24:55.455 --> 02:24:57.724
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
02:24:57.757 --> 02:25:00.460
Robert, we have to fight.
02:25:03.029 --> 02:25:05.331
As AEC Counsel,
I can't represent you.
02:25:05.364 --> 02:25:06.899
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
02:25:06.933 --> 02:25:08.468
Oh, he's good.
02:25:08.501 --> 02:25:12.238
The best,
but I have to warn you...
02:25:12.905 --> 02:25:15.341
...this won't be a fair fight.
02:25:15.374 --> 02:25:17.376
During your interview
02:25:17.410 --> 02:25:19.879
with Boris Pash in 1943,
did you refer to microfilm?
02:25:19.912 --> 02:25:21.414
-No.
-Tab 11,
02:25:21.447 --> 02:25:22.882
page one, paragraph three.
You never said,
02:25:22.915 --> 02:25:26.552
"Man at the consulate expert
in the use of microfilm"?
02:25:26.586 --> 02:25:27.920
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
-No.
02:25:27.954 --> 02:25:28.888
I would like to know
what document
02:25:28.921 --> 02:25:30.356
Mr. Robb is quoting from
02:25:30.389 --> 02:25:31.657
and if we might be
furnished with a copy.
02:25:31.691 --> 02:25:33.760
The document is classified,
Mr. Garrison.
02:25:33.793 --> 02:25:35.628
I think we should get back
to first-hand information.
02:25:35.661 --> 02:25:37.029
This is first-hand.
02:25:37.064 --> 02:25:39.332
How so, Roger?
02:25:40.700 --> 02:25:42.535
There was a recording
of the interview.
02:25:46.506 --> 02:25:48.407
You let my client sit here
02:25:48.441 --> 02:25:49.942
and potentially perjure himself,
02:25:49.976 --> 02:25:52.512
and all this time,
you had a recording?
02:25:52.545 --> 02:25:53.913
Nobody told your client
02:25:53.946 --> 02:25:55.348
to misrepresent
his former answers.
02:25:55.381 --> 02:25:57.450
Misrepre...
It-it was 12 years ago.
02:25:57.483 --> 02:25:58.785
Can we hear this recording?
02:25:58.818 --> 02:26:00.386
You don't have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.
02:26:00.419 --> 02:26:02.055
But you're reading it
into the record.
02:26:02.089 --> 02:26:03.723
Please, please.
02:26:03.756 --> 02:26:07.360
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
02:26:07.393 --> 02:26:09.829
If it's truth,
where's the disclosure?
02:26:09.862 --> 02:26:11.497
Where's the witness list?
02:26:11.531 --> 02:26:14.067
Mr. Garrison, this isn't
a trial, as you are well aware.
02:26:14.101 --> 02:26:15.968
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
02:26:16.002 --> 02:26:17.870
We are dealing
with national security.
02:26:17.904 --> 02:26:19.405
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
02:26:19.438 --> 02:26:21.808
I fail to see how
national security
02:26:21.841 --> 02:26:23.543
prevents the prosecution
from providing us
02:26:23.576 --> 02:26:25.578
-with a list of witnesses.
-Perhaps we are in need
02:26:25.611 --> 02:26:26.913
-of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen,
02:26:26.946 --> 02:26:28.681
you have my words.
02:26:28.714 --> 02:26:30.850
If you say they're from a
transcript, then I'll accept it.
02:26:30.883 --> 02:26:33.653
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
02:26:33.686 --> 02:26:37.023
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?
02:26:37.057 --> 02:26:39.126
Because I was an idiot.
02:26:39.159 --> 02:26:40.760
Why lie?
02:26:40.793 --> 02:26:43.396
Well, clearly with
the intention of not revealing
02:26:43.429 --> 02:26:45.498
who the intermediary was.
02:26:45.531 --> 02:26:47.567
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the Communist.
02:26:47.600 --> 02:26:49.869
Is he still your friend?
02:26:49.902 --> 02:26:51.337
Yes.
02:26:53.439 --> 02:26:56.375
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
02:26:56.409 --> 02:26:58.111
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?
02:26:58.145 --> 02:27:00.479
Teller, obviously.
02:27:01.447 --> 02:27:02.715
They've asked Lawrence.
02:27:02.748 --> 02:27:03.583
What did he say?
02:27:03.616 --> 02:27:06.519
He wasn't going
to help them, but...
02:27:06.552 --> 02:27:07.486
But?
02:27:07.520 --> 02:27:09.522
Strauss told him that
you and Ruth Tolman
02:27:09.555 --> 02:27:11.991
have been having
an affair for years.
02:27:12.024 --> 02:27:13.126
The whole time you lived
02:27:13.160 --> 02:27:14.794
with them in Pasadena.
02:27:14.827 --> 02:27:16.495
He convinced Lawrence
02:27:16.529 --> 02:27:18.098
that Richard died
of a broken heart.
02:27:18.131 --> 02:27:19.432
That's absurd.
02:27:19.465 --> 02:27:22.001
-What part?
-The broken heart.
02:27:22.035 --> 02:27:24.071
Richard never found out.
02:27:24.104 --> 02:27:25.872
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
02:27:25.905 --> 02:27:27.406
I don't know.
02:27:27.940 --> 02:27:29.575
Dr. Rabi,
02:27:29.609 --> 02:27:32.678
what governmental positions
do you currently hold?
02:27:32.712 --> 02:27:35.615
I am the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee
02:27:35.648 --> 02:27:38.551
to the AEC,
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.
02:27:38.584 --> 02:27:41.420
And how long have
you known Dr. Oppenheimer?
02:27:41.454 --> 02:27:43.056
Since 1928.
02:27:43.090 --> 02:27:45.158
I... I know him quite well.
02:27:45.192 --> 02:27:47.160
Well enough
to speak to the bearing
02:27:47.194 --> 02:27:49.762
of his loyalty and character?
02:27:49.795 --> 02:27:53.799
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
02:27:53.833 --> 02:27:56.502
And he is loyal
to the United States,
02:27:56.535 --> 02:27:57.770
to his friends,
02:27:57.803 --> 02:28:00.473
to the institutions
of which he is part.
02:28:01.941 --> 02:28:02.975
Eat.
02:28:21.961 --> 02:28:23.663
What was that?
02:28:23.696 --> 02:28:25.731
Nothing to worry about.
02:28:27.967 --> 02:28:29.702
After the Russian A-bomb test,
02:28:29.735 --> 02:28:32.205
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
02:28:32.239 --> 02:28:34.041
You'd be better off asking him.
02:28:34.074 --> 02:28:35.608
Well, I fully intend to.
02:28:35.641 --> 02:28:38.211
Would you say
that Dr. Oppenheimer was
02:28:38.245 --> 02:28:40.247
unalterably opposed
to the H-bomb?
02:28:40.280 --> 02:28:43.083
No, he-he thought that
a fusion program
02:28:43.116 --> 02:28:46.219
would come at the expense of our
awfully good fission program.
02:28:46.253 --> 02:28:48.088
But that proved
not to be the case.
02:28:48.121 --> 02:28:50.756
In the event both could be done.
02:28:50.790 --> 02:28:53.093
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
02:28:53.126 --> 02:28:54.261
that in his testimony here,
02:28:54.294 --> 02:28:56.562
Dr. Oppenheimer had been
wholly truthful.
02:28:56.595 --> 02:28:59.799
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
02:28:59.832 --> 02:29:01.734
Why go through
all this against a man
02:29:01.767 --> 02:29:03.970
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
02:29:04.003 --> 02:29:05.638
Look at his record.
02:29:05.671 --> 02:29:07.740
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.
02:29:07.773 --> 02:29:09.709
We have a whole series
of Super bombs.
02:29:09.742 --> 02:29:11.711
What more do you want?
02:29:11.744 --> 02:29:12.611
Mermaids?
02:29:12.645 --> 02:29:14.947
But I've known Secretary Strauss
02:29:14.981 --> 02:29:16.582
for many years,
02:29:16.615 --> 02:29:19.885
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
02:29:19.919 --> 02:29:22.588
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
02:29:22.621 --> 02:29:23.856
We'll break now,
02:29:23.889 --> 02:29:25.691
unless there's
any immediate business.
02:29:25.725 --> 02:29:28.261
Senator, I'd like
to once again request
02:29:28.295 --> 02:29:30.963
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
02:29:30.997 --> 02:29:33.766
And I will remind the nominee
that we don't always
02:29:33.799 --> 02:29:35.801
have that information
in advance.
02:29:35.835 --> 02:29:39.272
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
02:29:39.306 --> 02:29:40.940
Mr. Chairman,
our next scheduled witness,
02:29:40.973 --> 02:29:45.511
Dr. Lawrence, has apparently
come down with colitis.
02:29:46.979 --> 02:29:49.882
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
02:29:51.151 --> 02:29:52.551
Mr. Borden, welcome.
02:29:52.585 --> 02:29:54.054
Please take a seat.
02:29:55.222 --> 02:29:57.623
Mr. Borden,
02:29:57.656 --> 02:30:00.227
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
02:30:00.260 --> 02:30:01.894
did you reach
certain conclusions?
02:30:01.927 --> 02:30:04.231
-I did.
-And did there come a time
02:30:04.264 --> 02:30:05.731
when you expressed
those conclusions
02:30:05.765 --> 02:30:07.767
in a letter
to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
02:30:07.800 --> 02:30:09.735
of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation?
02:30:09.769 --> 02:30:11.171
-That is correct.
-Prior to the writing
02:30:11.204 --> 02:30:12.972
of the letter, did you discuss
the writing of the letter
02:30:13.005 --> 02:30:15.308
with anybody attached to
the Atomic Energy Commission?
02:30:15.342 --> 02:30:16.942
I did not.
02:30:16.976 --> 02:30:18.311
Thanks, and do you have
a copy of the letter?
02:30:18.345 --> 02:30:19.945
I have one in front of me.
02:30:19.979 --> 02:30:22.082
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?
02:30:22.115 --> 02:30:23.649
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
02:30:23.682 --> 02:30:25.118
the purpose of this letter
is to state..."
02:30:25.152 --> 02:30:27.187
Uh, I'm sorry,
I'm sorry, if I could have a...
02:30:27.220 --> 02:30:29.588
What is the purpose
of the delay?
02:30:29.622 --> 02:30:31.091
He's simply gonna
read the letter.
02:30:31.124 --> 02:30:32.658
Mr. Chairman,
02:30:32.691 --> 02:30:34.693
this is the first
I've seen of this letter,
02:30:34.727 --> 02:30:35.995
and I see statements here, uh,
02:30:36.028 --> 02:30:37.997
at least one,
of a kind that I don't think
02:30:38.030 --> 02:30:39.999
anyone would like to see
go into the record.
02:30:40.032 --> 02:30:42.802
These are accusations that have
not previously been made.
02:30:42.835 --> 02:30:44.770
That are not part of
the indictment from Nichols.
02:30:44.804 --> 02:30:46.939
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
02:30:46.972 --> 02:30:49.142
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
02:30:49.176 --> 02:30:51.744
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
02:30:51.777 --> 02:30:53.380
His conclusions
are valid testimony,
02:30:53.413 --> 02:30:55.315
just like the...
the positive conclusions
02:30:55.348 --> 02:30:56.682
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
02:30:56.715 --> 02:30:58.218
It cuts both ways.
02:30:58.251 --> 02:31:00.686
How long has Counsel been
in possession of this letter?
02:31:00.719 --> 02:31:02.089
I don't think
I should be subject
02:31:02.122 --> 02:31:04.690
to cross-examination by you,
Mr. Garrison.
02:31:04.723 --> 02:31:06.359
Mr. Garrison,
given that we on the board
02:31:06.393 --> 02:31:07.893
have all read the letter,
02:31:07.927 --> 02:31:10.263
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
02:31:10.297 --> 02:31:11.764
Let's proceed.
02:31:13.766 --> 02:31:15.235
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
02:31:15.268 --> 02:31:18.704
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
02:31:18.737 --> 02:31:20.040
"based upon years of study
02:31:20.073 --> 02:31:22.842
"of the available
classified evidence,
02:31:22.875 --> 02:31:24.910
"that more probably than not,
02:31:24.944 --> 02:31:29.815
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is
an agent of the Soviet Union.
02:31:29.849 --> 02:31:32.185
"The following conclusions
are justified.
02:31:32.219 --> 02:31:37.057
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
02:31:37.090 --> 02:31:38.391
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
02:31:38.425 --> 02:31:40.726
"was a sufficiently
hardened Communist,
02:31:40.759 --> 02:31:42.862
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
02:31:42.895 --> 02:31:45.232
"Two, more probably than not,
02:31:45.265 --> 02:31:49.835
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
02:31:49.869 --> 02:31:52.705
"Three, more probably than not,
02:31:52.738 --> 02:31:54.974
"he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
02:31:55.007 --> 02:31:57.743
in influencing United States
military policy..."
02:31:57.776 --> 02:31:59.011
I'm sorry, Robert.
02:31:59.045 --> 02:32:00.380
"...atomic energy, intelligence
02:32:00.413 --> 02:32:01.780
-and diplomatic policy."
-Is anyone
02:32:01.814 --> 02:32:03.450
ever going to tell the truth
02:32:03.483 --> 02:32:05.252
about what's happening here?
02:32:05.285 --> 02:32:08.821
We will now
hear from Dr. David Hill.
02:32:18.064 --> 02:32:19.399
Dr. Hill,
02:32:19.432 --> 02:32:22.068
would you care
to make a statement?
02:32:23.203 --> 02:32:24.770
Thank you.
02:32:24.803 --> 02:32:28.475
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
02:32:28.508 --> 02:32:30.910
A man who has
given years of service
02:32:30.943 --> 02:32:33.913
in high positions of government
02:32:33.946 --> 02:32:38.884
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
02:32:39.885 --> 02:32:41.388
The views I have to express
are my own,
02:32:41.421 --> 02:32:45.125
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate
02:32:45.158 --> 02:32:48.861
why most of the scientists
in this country
02:32:48.894 --> 02:32:51.897
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
02:32:51.931 --> 02:32:53.766
completely out of government.
02:32:55.801 --> 02:32:58.305
You're... You're referring
to the hostility
02:32:58.338 --> 02:32:59.805
of certain scientists
02:32:59.838 --> 02:33:01.474
directed toward Mr. Strauss
02:33:01.508 --> 02:33:03.742
because of his commitment
to security
02:33:03.776 --> 02:33:06.779
as demonstrated
in the Oppenheimer affair?
02:33:09.249 --> 02:33:10.517
No.
02:33:10.550 --> 02:33:12.952
Because of the personal
vindictiveness
02:33:12.985 --> 02:33:15.222
he demonstrated against
Dr. Oppenheimer.
02:33:16.889 --> 02:33:19.024
Order.
02:33:19.059 --> 02:33:20.093
Order!
02:33:20.126 --> 02:33:25.398
It appears to most
scientists around this country
02:33:25.432 --> 02:33:26.966
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being
02:33:26.999 --> 02:33:29.236
pilloried and put through
an ordeal
02:33:29.269 --> 02:33:32.372
because he expressed
his honest opinions.
02:33:33.373 --> 02:33:35.442
Dr. Bush, I thought
I was performing a service
02:33:35.475 --> 02:33:37.210
to my country
when hearing this case.
02:33:37.244 --> 02:33:41.381
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
02:33:41.414 --> 02:33:44.050
because he expressed
strong opinions.
02:33:44.084 --> 02:33:47.153
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
02:33:47.187 --> 02:33:51.191
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred,
02:33:51.224 --> 02:33:52.425
but I am.
02:33:52.459 --> 02:33:54.427
Dr. Hill, we've already heard
02:33:54.461 --> 02:33:56.895
that Mr. Strauss
did not bring the charges
02:33:56.929 --> 02:33:59.999
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
02:34:00.032 --> 02:34:02.535
The Oppenheimer matter was
02:34:02.569 --> 02:34:04.937
initiated and carried through
02:34:04.970 --> 02:34:07.340
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.
02:34:08.941 --> 02:34:11.578
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
02:34:11.611 --> 02:34:13.213
on the shipment
of isotopes to Norway,
02:34:13.246 --> 02:34:17.250
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
02:34:17.284 --> 02:34:19.885
Another controversy between them
centered around
02:34:19.918 --> 02:34:22.888
their differences in judgment
on how the H-bomb
02:34:22.921 --> 02:34:24.990
would contribute
to national security.
02:34:25.024 --> 02:34:26.992
Strauss turned to
the personnel security system
02:34:27.026 --> 02:34:31.264
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
02:34:31.298 --> 02:34:33.832
and Strauss was able to find
a few ambitious men
02:34:33.866 --> 02:34:36.902
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer's positions
02:34:36.935 --> 02:34:39.972
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.
02:34:40.005 --> 02:34:42.609
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
02:34:42.642 --> 02:34:44.877
that he's loyal
to the United States.
02:34:44.910 --> 02:34:46.313
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
02:34:46.346 --> 02:34:48.914
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
02:34:48.947 --> 02:34:50.916
Do you or do you not believe
02:34:50.949 --> 02:34:53.253
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
02:34:56.989 --> 02:34:58.258
In a great number of cases,
02:34:58.291 --> 02:35:00.260
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way
02:35:00.293 --> 02:35:04.164
which was to me
exceedingly hard to understand.
02:35:04.197 --> 02:35:06.199
I thoroughly disagreed
with him in numerous issues,
02:35:06.232 --> 02:35:08.335
and his actions frankly
appeared to me
02:35:08.368 --> 02:35:09.902
confused and complicated.
02:35:09.935 --> 02:35:11.471
To this extent, I feel,
02:35:11.504 --> 02:35:14.607
I want to see the vital
interest of this country
02:35:14.641 --> 02:35:16.476
in hands which
I understand better
02:35:16.509 --> 02:35:18.645
and therefore trust more.
02:35:18.678 --> 02:35:21.448
-Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
02:35:25.251 --> 02:35:26.353
I'm sorry.
02:35:28.987 --> 02:35:31.157
You shook his fucking hand?
02:35:31.191 --> 02:35:34.094
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.
02:35:34.127 --> 02:35:35.662
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.
02:35:35.695 --> 02:35:37.263
Is it not
gentlemanly enough for you?
02:35:37.297 --> 02:35:40.633
Well, I-I think you're all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.
02:35:40.667 --> 02:35:42.635
Gray must see
what Robb is doing.
02:35:42.669 --> 02:35:44.604
Why doesn't he just
shut him down?
02:35:44.637 --> 02:35:47.240
And you shaking Teller's hand.
02:35:47.273 --> 02:35:50.143
You need to stop
playing the martyr.
02:35:51.144 --> 02:35:53.546
Under the current
AEC guidelines,
02:35:53.580 --> 02:35:55.981
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
02:36:02.155 --> 02:36:04.524
Under my interpretation
02:36:04.557 --> 02:36:06.693
of the Atomic Energy Act,
02:36:06.726 --> 02:36:08.561
which did not exist
02:36:08.595 --> 02:36:11.431
when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942...
02:36:12.665 --> 02:36:16.069
I would not clear him today,
02:36:16.102 --> 02:36:18.071
uh, if I were on the commission.
02:36:18.104 --> 02:36:19.672
Good. Thank you, General.
That is all.
02:36:19.706 --> 02:36:21.708
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
02:36:21.741 --> 02:36:23.909
That's all.
02:36:26.413 --> 02:36:28.548
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility
02:36:28.581 --> 02:36:30.083
in the selection
or the clearance
02:36:30.116 --> 02:36:31.418
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
02:36:31.451 --> 02:36:32.719
No. None at all.
02:36:32.752 --> 02:36:34.354
And you wouldn't want
to leave this board
02:36:34.387 --> 02:36:37.157
with any suggestion today
that you're here questioning
02:36:37.190 --> 02:36:39.225
his basic loyalty
to the United States
02:36:39.259 --> 02:36:40.660
in the operation of Los Alamos?
02:36:40.693 --> 02:36:42.262
By no means.
02:36:42.295 --> 02:36:44.297
I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise
02:36:44.330 --> 02:36:45.964
for an instant.
02:36:45.998 --> 02:36:47.100
Thank you, General.
02:37:05.151 --> 02:37:07.420
Okay. We shouldn't
keep them waiting.
02:37:07.454 --> 02:37:08.721
She'll be here.
02:37:08.755 --> 02:37:10.190
Do you even want her here?
02:37:10.223 --> 02:37:12.725
Only a fool or an adolescent
02:37:12.759 --> 02:37:14.661
presumes to know
someone else's relationship,
02:37:14.694 --> 02:37:16.995
and you're neither, Lloyd.
02:37:18.565 --> 02:37:20.533
Kitty and I,
02:37:20.567 --> 02:37:22.635
we're grown-ups.
02:37:22.669 --> 02:37:25.505
We've walked
through fire together.
02:37:25.538 --> 02:37:28.107
She'll do fine.
02:37:28.141 --> 02:37:30.210
Would you describe
your views on Communism
02:37:30.243 --> 02:37:32.278
as pro, anti, neutral?
02:37:32.312 --> 02:37:34.180
Very strongly against.
02:37:34.214 --> 02:37:36.349
I-I've had nothing to do
with Communism in... since...
02:37:36.382 --> 02:37:39.219
since 1936, since...
02:37:39.252 --> 02:37:42.121
since before I met Robert.
02:37:42.722 --> 02:37:44.557
That's all.
02:37:44.591 --> 02:37:46.159
The record demonstrates
02:37:46.192 --> 02:37:47.794
that Oppenheimer
was not interrogated
02:37:47.827 --> 02:37:51.064
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray board.
02:37:51.097 --> 02:37:52.499
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor
02:37:52.532 --> 02:37:54.200
who used all the tricks
02:37:54.234 --> 02:37:56.035
of a rather ingenious
legal background.
02:37:56.069 --> 02:37:57.504
You are charging now
02:37:57.537 --> 02:38:00.507
that the Gray board
permitted a prosecution.
02:38:00.540 --> 02:38:03.243
If I were on the Gray board,
02:38:03.276 --> 02:38:05.245
I would have protested
against the tactics
02:38:05.278 --> 02:38:08.181
of the man who served, in fact,
as the prosecuting counsel.
02:38:08.214 --> 02:38:11.417
A man appointed not by the board
02:38:11.451 --> 02:38:13.520
but by Lewis Strauss.
02:38:15.522 --> 02:38:16.556
Who was this?
02:38:17.857 --> 02:38:19.692
I'm sorry?
02:38:19.726 --> 02:38:20.793
Who was this?
02:38:20.827 --> 02:38:22.262
Uh, Roger Robb.
02:38:22.295 --> 02:38:24.631
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
02:38:28.835 --> 02:38:31.271
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
02:38:32.705 --> 02:38:34.807
I'm... I'm not sure.
02:38:34.841 --> 02:38:36.342
Not sure?
02:38:39.312 --> 02:38:40.313
Well...
02:38:42.715 --> 02:38:44.450
Well?
02:38:53.393 --> 02:38:56.362
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party
02:38:56.396 --> 02:39:00.166
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
02:39:03.336 --> 02:39:04.470
Yeah.
02:39:09.842 --> 02:39:11.244
Sorry.
02:39:11.878 --> 02:39:13.479
Yes. Mm.
02:39:15.315 --> 02:39:17.317
It's just it was all
so very long ago,
02:39:17.350 --> 02:39:19.185
-Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
-Not really.
02:39:19.218 --> 02:39:20.453
Long enough to have forgotten.
02:39:20.486 --> 02:39:21.854
Did you return the card
or rip it up?
02:39:21.888 --> 02:39:23.489
The card whose existence
I've forgotten?
02:39:23.523 --> 02:39:25.325
Your Communist Party
membership card.
02:39:25.358 --> 02:39:27.093
Haven't the slightest idea.
02:39:29.395 --> 02:39:32.165
Can a distinction
be made between
02:39:32.198 --> 02:39:33.866
Soviet Communism and Communism?
02:39:33.900 --> 02:39:35.468
Well, in the days
when I was a member,
02:39:35.501 --> 02:39:37.136
I thought they were
definitely two things.
02:39:37.170 --> 02:39:38.438
-Oh?
-I thought that
02:39:38.471 --> 02:39:40.340
the Communist Party
of the United States
02:39:40.373 --> 02:39:42.775
was concerned with
our domestic problems.
02:39:42.809 --> 02:39:44.277
I now no longer believe this.
02:39:44.310 --> 02:39:45.345
Believe the whole thing's
linked together
02:39:45.378 --> 02:39:46.646
and spread all over the world,
02:39:46.679 --> 02:39:48.881
and I have believed this
since I left the Party
02:39:48.915 --> 02:39:50.383
16 years ago.
02:39:50.416 --> 02:39:51.718
-But...
-Seventeen years ago.
02:39:51.751 --> 02:39:53.152
My mistake.
02:39:53.186 --> 02:39:55.822
-But you said...
-Sorry, 18.
02:39:55.855 --> 02:39:58.124
Eighteen years ago.
02:39:58.925 --> 02:40:00.226
Are you familiar with the fact
02:40:00.259 --> 02:40:01.427
your husband was
making contributions
02:40:01.461 --> 02:40:04.530
to the Spanish Civil War
as late as 1942?
02:40:04.564 --> 02:40:06.432
I knew that Robert gave money
from time to time.
02:40:06.466 --> 02:40:07.700
Did you know
this money was going
02:40:07.734 --> 02:40:09.168
into Communist Party channels?
02:40:09.202 --> 02:40:10.637
Don't you mean "through"?
02:40:10.670 --> 02:40:12.438
-Pardon?
-I think you mean
02:40:12.472 --> 02:40:14.273
"through Communist Party
channels," don't you?
02:40:14.307 --> 02:40:15.541
-Y-Yes!
-Yes?
02:40:15.575 --> 02:40:17.477
-Yes!
-Yes.
02:40:17.510 --> 02:40:21.214
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
02:40:21.247 --> 02:40:22.548
your husband had not stopped
02:40:22.582 --> 02:40:24.517
having anything to do
with the Communist Party?
02:40:24.550 --> 02:40:26.352
You don't have
to answer that yes or no.
02:40:26.386 --> 02:40:27.754
You can answer that
any way you wish.
02:40:27.787 --> 02:40:29.656
I know that, thank you.
02:40:29.689 --> 02:40:31.391
It's your question.
02:40:31.424 --> 02:40:33.326
-It's not properly phrased.
-Do you understand
02:40:33.359 --> 02:40:34.594
-what I'm getting at?
-I do.
02:40:34.627 --> 02:40:35.895
Then why don't you
answer it that way?
02:40:35.928 --> 02:40:37.530
'Cause I don't like your phrase.
02:40:37.563 --> 02:40:39.499
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."
02:40:39.532 --> 02:40:41.334
Because Robert never
had anything to do
02:40:41.367 --> 02:40:42.669
with the Communist Party
as such.
02:40:42.702 --> 02:40:45.338
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
02:40:45.371 --> 02:40:47.306
I know he took
an intellectual interest
02:40:47.340 --> 02:40:48.541
in Communist ideas...
02:40:48.574 --> 02:40:49.676
Are there two types
of Communists?
02:40:49.709 --> 02:40:51.411
Intellectual Communists
02:40:51.444 --> 02:40:53.379
and your plain old
regular Commie?
02:40:54.380 --> 02:40:55.948
Well, I couldn't
answer that one.
02:40:55.982 --> 02:40:58.751
I couldn't either.
02:41:04.891 --> 02:41:06.693
Evening.
02:41:06.726 --> 02:41:08.461
Robert,
you can't win this thing.
02:41:08.494 --> 02:41:10.430
It's a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.
02:41:10.463 --> 02:41:12.398
Why put yourself
through more of it?
02:41:12.999 --> 02:41:15.435
I have my reasons.
02:41:16.036 --> 02:41:17.470
All right.
02:41:17.503 --> 02:41:18.638
Good night.
02:41:23.342 --> 02:41:24.744
He has a point.
02:41:25.678 --> 02:41:27.714
I'm not sure
you understand, Albert.
02:41:27.747 --> 02:41:28.848
No?
02:41:28.881 --> 02:41:32.385
I left my country
never to return.
02:41:33.019 --> 02:41:34.987
You served your country well.
02:41:35.021 --> 02:41:38.658
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
02:41:38.691 --> 02:41:42.328
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
02:41:42.361 --> 02:41:44.997
Damn it, I happen
to love this country.
02:41:45.031 --> 02:41:47.633
Then tell them to go to hell.
02:41:47.667 --> 02:41:48.568
Interestingly enough,
02:41:48.601 --> 02:41:51.671
this is no longer
a confirmation hearing,
02:41:51.704 --> 02:41:53.873
it's now a trial...
02:41:53.906 --> 02:41:55.641
about a trial!
02:41:56.642 --> 02:41:57.944
It's not good
he's telling everyone
02:41:57.977 --> 02:41:59.278
you initiated the hearings.
02:41:59.312 --> 02:42:01.681
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
02:42:01.714 --> 02:42:04.383
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
02:42:04.417 --> 02:42:06.753
We're not in court, sir.
02:42:06.786 --> 02:42:07.987
There's no burden of proof.
02:42:08.020 --> 02:42:10.389
Right. They're not convicting...
02:42:10.423 --> 02:42:11.691
just denying.
02:42:11.724 --> 02:42:14.627
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down?
02:42:14.660 --> 02:42:16.295
What's his angle?
02:42:16.329 --> 02:42:18.431
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
02:42:18.464 --> 02:42:20.067
-As he sees it.
-I told you,
02:42:20.100 --> 02:42:22.769
Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,
02:42:22.802 --> 02:42:24.504
right from that first meeting.
02:42:24.537 --> 02:42:27.774
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
02:42:27.807 --> 02:42:30.543
but Einstein wouldn't
even meet my eye.
02:42:31.644 --> 02:42:34.747
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
02:42:34.781 --> 02:42:36.049
And at Los Alamos,
02:42:36.083 --> 02:42:38.417
he preyed
on the naivete of scientists
02:42:38.451 --> 02:42:40.753
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work,
02:42:40.787 --> 02:42:43.790
but don't ever think
he was that naive himself.
02:42:43.823 --> 02:42:45.092
Doctor.
02:42:45.125 --> 02:42:47.094
During your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
02:42:47.127 --> 02:42:50.797
were you deterred
by any moral qualms?
02:42:50.830 --> 02:42:52.465
Yes, of course.
02:42:52.498 --> 02:42:53.800
But you still got on
with your work, didn't you?
02:42:53.833 --> 02:42:56.069
Yes, because this was
work of exploration,
02:42:56.103 --> 02:42:58.337
it was not the preparation
of a weapon.
02:42:58.371 --> 02:43:00.439
You mean it was more of a...
an academic excursion.
02:43:00.473 --> 02:43:02.375
No, it is not an academic thing
02:43:02.408 --> 02:43:03.810
whether you can build
a hydrogen bomb.
02:43:03.843 --> 02:43:05.444
It's a matter of life and death.
02:43:05.478 --> 02:43:06.846
By 1942, you were
actively pushing
02:43:06.879 --> 02:43:08.447
the development of
the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
02:43:08.481 --> 02:43:09.715
Pushing's not the right word.
02:43:09.749 --> 02:43:11.684
Supporting it
and working on it, yes.
02:43:11.717 --> 02:43:14.054
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong
02:43:14.087 --> 02:43:15.721
that you actively opposed
02:43:15.755 --> 02:43:17.423
the development
of the hydrogen bomb?
02:43:17.456 --> 02:43:19.425
When it was suggested
that it be the policy
02:43:19.458 --> 02:43:21.627
of the United States to make
these things at all cost
02:43:21.661 --> 02:43:23.663
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
02:43:23.696 --> 02:43:26.766
and atomic weapons
as part of our arsenal.
02:43:28.135 --> 02:43:30.070
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?
02:43:30.103 --> 02:43:32.139
Wha... What do moral qualms
02:43:32.172 --> 02:43:33.706
-have to do with it?
-Yes.
02:43:33.739 --> 02:43:35.808
Oppenheimer wanted
to own the atomic bomb.
02:43:35.842 --> 02:43:37.743
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
02:43:37.777 --> 02:43:40.947
He talks about
putting the nuclear genie
02:43:40.980 --> 02:43:42.448
back in the bottle.
02:43:42.481 --> 02:43:43.616
Well, I'm here to tell you
02:43:43.649 --> 02:43:45.852
that I know
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
02:43:45.885 --> 02:43:49.989
and if he could do it all over,
he'd do it all the same.
02:43:50.022 --> 02:43:53.060
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
02:43:53.093 --> 02:43:55.962
He'd do it all over. Why?
02:43:55.995 --> 02:43:57.430
Because it made him
02:43:57.463 --> 02:43:59.099
the most important man
who ever lived.
02:43:59.132 --> 02:44:01.467
Well, we've...
02:44:01.500 --> 02:44:03.603
we've freely used
the atomic bomb...
02:44:03.636 --> 02:44:05.738
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting
02:44:05.771 --> 02:44:07.174
the target to drop
the atomic bomb on Japan,
02:44:07.207 --> 02:44:08.875
-didn't you?
-Yes.
02:44:08.908 --> 02:44:10.543
Well, then you knew,
did you not, that by dropping
02:44:10.576 --> 02:44:12.745
that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
02:44:12.778 --> 02:44:14.181
that thousands of civilians
would be killed
02:44:14.214 --> 02:44:15.948
or injured, is that correct?
02:44:15.982 --> 02:44:17.884
Yes, not as many
as turned out...
02:44:17.917 --> 02:44:20.120
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
02:44:20.153 --> 02:44:22.021
-70,000.
-70,000
02:44:22.055 --> 02:44:23.123
at both Hiroshima and...
02:44:23.156 --> 02:44:24.590
110,000 at both.
02:44:24.624 --> 02:44:26.025
On the day of each bombing?
02:44:27.994 --> 02:44:29.162
Yes.
02:44:29.196 --> 02:44:30.763
And in the weeks
and years that followed?
02:44:30.796 --> 02:44:33.499
It has been put at somewhere
between 50 and 100,000.
02:44:33.532 --> 02:44:35.635
-220,000 dead at least?
-Yes.
02:44:35.668 --> 02:44:37.570
Any moral scruples about that?
02:44:38.938 --> 02:44:40.040
Terrible ones.
02:44:40.073 --> 02:44:41.641
But yet you testified in here
02:44:41.674 --> 02:44:44.044
that the bombing of Hiroshima
was very successful.
02:44:44.077 --> 02:44:45.645
-Technically successful.
-Oh!
02:44:45.678 --> 02:44:47.446
Technically, it was
very successful.
02:44:47.480 --> 02:44:48.948
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.
02:44:48.981 --> 02:44:50.950
Would you have been
in support of the dropping
02:44:50.983 --> 02:44:52.919
of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
02:44:52.952 --> 02:44:54.487
That would make no sense at all.
02:44:54.520 --> 02:44:56.956
-Why?
-The-the target is too small.
02:44:56.989 --> 02:44:59.492
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan
02:44:59.525 --> 02:45:00.993
big enough for
a thermonuclear weapon,
02:45:01.027 --> 02:45:02.795
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
02:45:02.828 --> 02:45:04.664
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted...
02:45:04.697 --> 02:45:06.133
Well, I'm confronting you
with it now, sir.
02:45:06.166 --> 02:45:07.934
It was all part of his plan.
02:45:07.967 --> 02:45:09.535
He wanted the glorious,
02:45:09.568 --> 02:45:11.737
insincere guilt
of the self-important
02:45:11.771 --> 02:45:13.240
to wear like a fuckin' crown.
02:45:13.273 --> 02:45:16.709
Say, "No, we cannot
go down this road,"
02:45:16.742 --> 02:45:19.545
even as he knew we'd have to.
02:45:19.578 --> 02:45:21.114
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping
02:45:21.148 --> 02:45:22.815
of a thermonuclear weapon
on Japan
02:45:22.848 --> 02:45:25.085
-because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
02:45:25.118 --> 02:45:26.819
Well, did you oppose
the dropping
02:45:26.852 --> 02:45:28.854
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
02:45:28.888 --> 02:45:30.523
We set forth our arguments...
02:45:30.556 --> 02:45:31.958
No, you, you, you.
I'm asking you.
02:45:31.991 --> 02:45:33.626
-I set... I set forth...
-Not we. You, you, you!
02:45:33.659 --> 02:45:35.262
...our arguments
against dropping it,
02:45:35.295 --> 02:45:36.829
but I did not endorse them.
02:45:36.862 --> 02:45:38.564
You mean after
working night and day
02:45:38.597 --> 02:45:39.966
for three years
building the bomb,
02:45:39.999 --> 02:45:41.834
you then argued against
the use of it?
02:45:41.867 --> 02:45:44.570
I was asked
by the Secretary of War
02:45:44.603 --> 02:45:45.972
what the views
of scientists were.
02:45:46.005 --> 02:45:48.741
I gave him the views against
and the views for.
02:45:48.774 --> 02:45:50.776
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
02:45:50.810 --> 02:45:52.279
-What do you mean "support"?
-Didn't you?
02:45:52.312 --> 02:45:53.779
-You supported it!
-What do you mean "support"?
02:45:53.813 --> 02:45:55.148
Well, you helped
pick the target, didn't you?
02:45:55.182 --> 02:45:56.816
I did my job.
02:45:56.849 --> 02:45:58.584
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.
02:45:58.617 --> 02:46:00.253
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
02:46:00.287 --> 02:46:02.555
Well, then you would have
built the H-bomb too,
02:46:02.588 --> 02:46:03.723
-wouldn't you?
-I couldn't.
02:46:03.756 --> 02:46:05.658
I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
02:46:05.691 --> 02:46:08.027
And the GAC report
which you co-authored
02:46:08.061 --> 02:46:09.929
after the Soviet
atomic test said
02:46:09.962 --> 02:46:12.631
a Super bomb
should never be built!
02:46:12.665 --> 02:46:14.000
What we meant,
what I meant was...
02:46:14.033 --> 02:46:16.103
-What you, who? Who?
-What I meant...
02:46:17.870 --> 02:46:19.306
And wouldn't the Russians
do anything
02:46:19.339 --> 02:46:21.607
to increase their strength?
02:46:21.640 --> 02:46:23.609
If we did it,
they would have to do it.
02:46:23.642 --> 02:46:25.678
Our efforts would only
fuel their efforts,
02:46:25.711 --> 02:46:27.813
just as it had
with the atomic bomb.
02:46:27.847 --> 02:46:31.251
"Just as it had with
the atomic bomb," exactly!
02:46:31.284 --> 02:46:36.022
No moral scruples in 1945,
plenty in 1949.
02:46:40.160 --> 02:46:41.994
Dr. Oppenheimer...
02:46:43.662 --> 02:46:46.266
...when did your strong
moral convictions develop
02:46:46.299 --> 02:46:49.102
with respect
to the hydrogen bomb?
02:46:56.143 --> 02:46:59.046
When it became clear to me
02:46:59.079 --> 02:47:02.715
that we would tend to use
any weapon we had.
02:47:05.152 --> 02:47:07.653
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
the martyr.
02:47:07.686 --> 02:47:10.290
I gave him exactly
what he wanted.
02:47:10.323 --> 02:47:12.591
To be remembered for Trinity,
02:47:12.625 --> 02:47:15.228
not Hiroshima,
02:47:15.262 --> 02:47:17.696
not Nagasaki.
02:47:20.233 --> 02:47:22.935
He should be thanking me.
02:47:22.968 --> 02:47:25.905
Well, he's not.
02:47:27.740 --> 02:47:29.342
Do we still have enough votes,
02:47:29.376 --> 02:47:31.044
or is the crowning moment
of my career
02:47:31.078 --> 02:47:35.215
about to become the most public
humiliation of my life?
02:47:35.248 --> 02:47:37.817
Full Senate's about to vote.
02:47:37.850 --> 02:47:39.018
You'll scrape through.
02:47:39.052 --> 02:47:40.686
Great, then gather
the fucking press.
02:47:40.719 --> 02:47:42.688
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
02:47:42.721 --> 02:47:45.691
This board, having heard
testimony from you
02:47:45.724 --> 02:47:48.861
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
02:47:48.894 --> 02:47:50.896
has come to
the unanimous conclusion
02:47:50.930 --> 02:47:54.033
that you are a loyal citizen.
02:47:55.335 --> 02:47:56.969
However,
02:47:57.002 --> 02:48:00.639
in the light of
your continuing associations
02:48:00.673 --> 02:48:01.941
and disregard
02:48:01.974 --> 02:48:04.111
for the security apparatus
of this country,
02:48:04.144 --> 02:48:07.680
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
02:48:07.713 --> 02:48:10.250
on the hydrogen bomb program
02:48:10.283 --> 02:48:11.817
and the regrettable
lack of candor
02:48:11.851 --> 02:48:14.221
in certain of your responses
to this board,
02:48:14.254 --> 02:48:17.124
we have voted two to one
02:48:17.157 --> 02:48:20.260
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
02:48:20.293 --> 02:48:23.396
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
02:48:23.430 --> 02:48:26.932
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
02:48:26.966 --> 02:48:28.634
That is all.
02:48:32.405 --> 02:48:33.739
-Gordon...
-Roger.
02:48:38.777 --> 02:48:40.679
Robert.
02:48:41.314 --> 02:48:42.848
Robert.
02:48:45.318 --> 02:48:46.819
Don't...
02:48:49.189 --> 02:48:52.392
Don't take in the sheets.
02:48:53.792 --> 02:48:55.195
Get a picture with him.
02:48:55.228 --> 02:48:56.463
Sir, sir.
02:48:56.496 --> 02:48:58.964
Two minutes. Two minutes.
02:48:58.998 --> 02:49:00.200
-You'll get your shot.
-Please, sir.
02:49:00.233 --> 02:49:01.800
We've been waiting for so long.
02:49:01.834 --> 02:49:02.835
-Evening, sir.
-Come out.
02:49:02.868 --> 02:49:03.903
Sir, sir!
02:49:03.936 --> 02:49:05.272
Is it official?
02:49:07.374 --> 02:49:08.774
Well, there were,
02:49:08.807 --> 02:49:11.944
uh, a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
02:49:16.383 --> 02:49:19.052
I'm denied. Yeah?
02:49:19.085 --> 02:49:21.054
-I'm afraid so, sir.
-All right.
02:49:28.761 --> 02:49:29.828
Who were the holdouts?
02:49:29.862 --> 02:49:32.798
Um, there were three,
02:49:32.831 --> 02:49:35.768
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
02:49:35.801 --> 02:49:37.204
Young guy trying
to make a name for himself,
02:49:37.237 --> 02:49:39.805
didn't like what you did
to Oppenheimer.
02:49:39.838 --> 02:49:40.973
What's his name?
02:49:41.006 --> 02:49:43.210
Uh, Kennedy.
02:49:43.243 --> 02:49:45.045
John F. Kennedy.
02:49:48.515 --> 02:49:49.915
Kitty?
02:49:55.988 --> 02:49:59.392
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
02:49:59.426 --> 02:50:01.994
that the world
would forgive you?
02:50:05.532 --> 02:50:06.966
It won't.
02:50:09.336 --> 02:50:10.736
We'll see.
02:50:20.513 --> 02:50:22.515
Goddamn it.
02:50:24.050 --> 02:50:26.986
You told me I'd be okay.
02:50:27.019 --> 02:50:29.389
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
02:50:29.422 --> 02:50:30.990
Here's a fact.
02:50:31.023 --> 02:50:32.858
President Eisenhower pinned
the Medal of Freedom
02:50:32.891 --> 02:50:34.327
on my chest last year
02:50:34.361 --> 02:50:36.862
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
02:50:36.895 --> 02:50:39.399
They don't want me
in the Cabinet room?
02:50:39.432 --> 02:50:41.867
Well, that's... that's fine.
02:50:41.900 --> 02:50:44.237
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
02:50:44.271 --> 02:50:45.305
Maybe they will.
02:50:46.306 --> 02:50:47.540
I told you,
02:50:47.574 --> 02:50:50.210
he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
02:50:50.243 --> 02:50:52.412
starting with Einstein.
I told you about, uh, Einstein.
02:50:52.445 --> 02:50:53.879
I saw him by the pond.
02:50:53.912 --> 02:50:55.415
You did, but you know, sir,
02:50:55.448 --> 02:50:57.450
since nobody really knows
02:50:57.484 --> 02:50:59.119
what they said
to each other that day,
02:50:59.152 --> 02:51:03.189
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
02:51:03.223 --> 02:51:06.359
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh,
02:51:06.393 --> 02:51:07.826
more important?
02:51:07.860 --> 02:51:09.296
Mr. Strauss!
02:51:12.632 --> 02:51:15.034
Over here! Mr. Strauss!
02:51:18.171 --> 02:51:21.441
Oh.
02:51:22.609 --> 02:51:23.909
Thank you.
02:51:23.942 --> 02:51:26.446
Albert.
02:51:26.479 --> 02:51:28.448
Ah.
02:51:28.481 --> 02:51:30.983
The man of the moment.
02:51:34.087 --> 02:51:37.457
You once held
a-a reception for me.
02:51:37.490 --> 02:51:39.292
In Berkeley.
You gave me an award.
02:51:39.326 --> 02:51:41.194
-Hmm?
-Yes.
02:51:42.095 --> 02:51:44.497
You all thought that
I had lost the ability
02:51:44.531 --> 02:51:47.467
to understand what I'd started.
02:51:47.500 --> 02:51:50.936
So the award
really wasn't for me,
02:51:50.969 --> 02:51:53.373
it was for all of you, hmm?
02:51:55.241 --> 02:51:57.243
Now it's your turn
02:51:57.277 --> 02:52:01.980
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
02:52:02.915 --> 02:52:04.217
And one day,
02:52:04.250 --> 02:52:06.885
when they've
punished you enough...
02:52:08.288 --> 02:52:12.192
...they'll serve you
salmon and potato salad.
02:52:15.928 --> 02:52:17.963
Make speeches...
02:52:18.997 --> 02:52:20.500
...give you a medal.
02:52:22.202 --> 02:52:24.371
Hello, Frank.
02:52:24.404 --> 02:52:25.638
You're happy, I'm happy.
02:52:32.612 --> 02:52:35.948
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
02:52:37.484 --> 02:52:39.885
Just remember...
02:52:40.520 --> 02:52:42.389
...it won't be for you.
02:52:46.659 --> 02:52:48.294
It'll be for them.
02:53:02.442 --> 02:53:03.976
Albert.
02:53:05.211 --> 02:53:08.681
When I came to you
with those calculations,
02:53:08.715 --> 02:53:10.949
we thought we might
start a chain reaction
02:53:10.983 --> 02:53:14.454
that would destroy
the entire world.
02:53:14.487 --> 02:53:17.956
Mm, I remember it well.
02:53:17.990 --> 02:53:20.059
What of it?
02:53:22.695 --> 02:53:24.431
I believe we did.